收口自锁螺母高保真建模方法及松动特性研究  

Study on Modeling Method and Bolt Loosening Characteristics of Self-locking Nut

作　　者：田晶 高崇 关焦月 付鹏哲[2] 刘仕运 姚玉东 TIAN Jing;GAO Chong;GUAN Jiaoyue;FU Pengzhe;LIU Shiyun;YAO Yudong(College of Aero Engine,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136;AECC Shenyang Aero-engine Design and Research Institute,Shenyang 110015;School of Power and Energy,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710129)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院,沈阳110136 [2]中国航发沈阳发动机设计研究所航空发动机总体设计一部,沈阳110015 [3]西北工业大学动力与能源学院,西安710129

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第21期132-143,共12页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：中航发产学研合作专项(HFZL2019CXY005);辽宁省博士科研启动基金(2020-BS-174);辽宁省省教育厅(JYT2020019)资助项目。

摘　　要：收口自锁螺母的抗振防松性能明显优于普通螺母,被广泛应用于航空发动机连接结构中。但收口自锁螺母的形状复杂,难以对其准确建模,缺少其仿真相关的研究。首先推导了自锁螺母收口区螺纹表达式,并结合标准螺栓模型生成方法,建立了自锁螺母的高保真模型;然后,仿真分析了自锁螺母收口区厚度、收口量、收口区长度等结构参数和初始预紧力、激励载荷幅值、接触面摩擦系数等载荷参数对自锁螺栓母连接结构松动特性的影响规律;最后,开展收口自锁螺母松动特性试验。结果表明,结构参数的增加均使残余预紧力增大,且分别能增大12.2%,11.4%和7.7%;初始预紧力和接触面摩擦系数会使残余预紧力增大,且分别能增大37.1%和6.9%,而激励载荷幅值的增加会降低残余预紧力;当初始预紧力和激励载荷幅值改变时,对应的仿真平均误差分别为3.79%和3.55%。以上结果证明了本该高保真建模方法的准确性,为收口自锁螺母的仿真研究和自锁机理探索奠定了基础,同时也能对螺母的结构优化和工程应用提供指导。The anti-vibration and anti-loosening performance of the self-locking nut with closure is obviously better than that of the common nut,and it is widely used in the connection structure of the aeroengine.However,due to the complex shape of the self-locking nuts,it is difficult to accurately model them and lack of relevant simulation research.Firstly,the thread expression in the receptacle area of self-locking nut is derived,and a high-fidelity model of self-locking nut is established by combining the standard bolt model generation method.Then,the effects of structural parameters such as thickness,volume and length of self-locking nut's closure area and load parameters such as initial preload,amplitude of excitation load and friction coefficient of contact surface on the loosening characteristics of self-locking bolt-nut connection structure are simulated and analyzed.Finally,loosening characteristics test of self-locking nuts with closure is carried out.The results show that the residual preload increases by 12.2%,11.4%and 7.7%respectively with the increase of structural parameters.The initial preload and the friction coefficient of the contact surface increase the residual preload by 37.1%and 6.9%respectively,while the increase of the amplitude of the exciting load decreases the residual preload.When the amplitude of initial preload and excitation load changes,the corresponding average error of simulation is 3.79%and 3.55%respectively.The above results prove the accuracy of the high-fidelity modeling method in this paper,which lays a foundation for simulation research and self-locking mechanism exploration of the closure self-locking nut,and also provides guidance for structure optimization and engineering application of the nut.

关 键 词：收口自锁螺母 高保真建模 有限元分析 螺栓松动试验 螺栓松动特性 

分 类 号：V232[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]