行政理性与改革政治性:日本中央省厅改革的再思考  

Administrative Rationality and Reform Politics:Rethinking Japan's Central Government Reform

作　　者：白智立[1] 刘丛丛 Bai Zhili;Liu Congcong

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院 [2]中国信息通信研究院泰尔终端实验室数字技术治理部

出　　处：《日本学刊》2024年第6期78-98,158,161,共23页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：冠以行政之名的改革难免会向政治改革的方向偏离,对此,日本学者西尾胜提出“行政理性与改革政治性”的命题。从“西尾之问”出发,对日本中央省厅改革的方案拟定、思路设计和行政发展课题等问题展开探究,可形成对改革本身及后续改革问题的再思考。日本中央省厅改革的过程同时受到行政理性、改革政治性和行政文化的影响,其本质是破除传统的政、官、民关系,建立以执政体为中心的新型政府机构格局,改革成果是行政理性与改革政治性妥协平衡的阶段性产物。日本中央省厅改革的启示在于,在反思改革的前提下,对三种改革范畴加以区分,并在相应范围内按照各自的逻辑精准推进相关内容。Reforms undertaken in the name of administration often veer toward political restructuring.In this context,Japanese scholar Masaru Nishio proposed the concept of"administrative rationality and reform politics"as a framework for analysis.Building on Nishio's inquiry,this paper explores Japan's central government reform by examining the formulation of reform proposals,design of reform strategies,and challenges of administrative development.This approach provides a fresh perspective on both the reform process itself and the issues surrounding subsequent reforms.The reform of Japan's central ministries and agencies was shaped by the interplay of administrative rationality,reform politics,and administrative culture.At its core,the reform aimed to dismantle the traditional relationships among politicians,bureaucrats,and the public,establishing a new government structure centered on executive authority.The outcomes of these reforms reflect a provisional balance and compromise between administrative rationality and the political dynamics of reform.The experience of Japan's central government reform offers valuable insights:effective reform requires a critical examination of past efforts,a clear distinction between administrative,political,and cultural dimensions of reform,and a precise application of appropriate strategies within each domain.By doing so,reform efforts can achieve greater coherence and sustainability.

关 键 词：日本中央省厅改革 大部制改革 行政理性 改革政治性 西尾之问 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学]