跨期决策损益不对称的认知神经机制  

Cognitive Neural Mechanisms of Gain-loss Asymmetry in Intertemporal Choice

作　　者：杨晓莉 王小恬 高洁 YANG Xiao-li;WANG Xiao-tian;GAO Jie(Gansu Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health,School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,anzhou 730070,China;The Eighth Primary School,Lanzhou New District,Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学心理学院,甘肃省行为与心理健康重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省兰州新区第八小学,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2024年第6期1339-1344,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目批准号:32360211,32460210)。

摘　　要：跨期决策是指个体对不同时间点上成本与获利的权衡。损益框架下跨期决策的折扣率存在显著差异,损失的折扣率通常小于收益,这被称作损益不对称。以往研究大多关注损益框架的价值函数差异,并用损失厌恶(体现在纹状体和腹内侧前额叶的神经表征上)概括解释损益不对称。实际上,从价值评估的角度,损益不对称还来源于信息处理模式的不同。此外,认知控制需求水平的不同(体现在背外侧前额叶、前扣带回和后顶叶的神经表征上)以及预期情绪的不对称(体现在杏仁核和脑岛的神经表征上)同样能够解释损益不对称。未来研究可以从不同领域及不同结果组合的角度,结合情境变量探究损益折扣差异的神经基础。Intertemporal choice refers to the tradeoff between costs and benefits at different points in time.The discount rates of intertemporal choice under the gain and loss framework show a significant difference,and the discount rate of losses is usually smaller than that of gains,which is called gain-loss asymmetry.Most of the previous studies focused on the difference of value function in the gain and loss framework and explained gain-loss asymmetry by loss aversion(reflected in neural representations of striatum and vmPFC).In fact,from the perspective of value evaluation,gain-loss asymmetry also comes from the different information processing modes.In addition,difference in the level of cognitive control needs(reflected in neural representations of dlPFC,ACC,and PPC)and asymmetry in anticipatory feelings(reflected in neural representations of amygdala and insula)can also explain gain-loss asymmetry.Future studies could explore the neural basis of the gain and loss framework from the perspective of different fields and different combinations of results,combined with scenario variables.

关 键 词：损益不对称 价值评估 认知控制 前景预期 负折扣 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]