光遗传技术应用于高级脑区对嗅球的神经投射调控嗅觉信号处理的研究进展  

Application of optogenetic technology in the research on olfactory bulb neural projection from advanced brain regions to regulate olfactory signal processing

作　　者：周彤 吴祎凡 胡蒙 唐欣[1] 朱平[1] 杜立萍(综述) 吴春生(审校) ZHOU Tong;WU Yifan;HU Meng;TANG Xin;ZHU Ping;DU Liping;WU Chunsheng(Institute of Medical Engineering,Department of Biophysics,School of Basic Medicine,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学基础医学院生物物理学系医学工程研究所,西安710061

出　　处：《生物医学工程学杂志》2024年第6期1265-1270,共6页Journal of Biomedical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071370,32271427)。

摘　　要：嗅球是编码和处理嗅觉信号的关键部位,具有非常复杂的加工和处理嗅觉信号的神经投射和神经网络。来自嗅皮质和其他高级脑区的下行神经投射可直接或间接调控嗅球输出神经元的兴奋性,进而影响嗅觉分辨、学习等能力。随着近年光遗传技术的应用,操控神经元在神经环路的研究中应用广泛,大大推进了嗅觉机制的研究进展。本文总结了来自嗅皮质、基底前脑、中缝核以及蓝斑的神经投射对嗅球功能的调控作用的最新研究进展,评述了光遗传技术在嗅觉机制研究中的重要作用,并对当前研究中存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势进行了初步阐述,本文可为嗅觉神经调控机制的研究及光遗传技术的应用提供新的视角,对于推动嗅觉机制的研究和光遗传技术的应用具有重要意义。Olfactory bulb is a critical component in encoding and processing olfactory signals,characterized by its intricate neural projections and networks dedicated to this function.It has been found that descending neural projections from the olfactory cortex and other advanced brain regions can modulate the excitability of olfactory bulb output neurons in the olfactory bulb,either directly or indirectly,which can further influence olfactory discrimination,learning,and other abilities.In recent years,advancements in optogenetic technology have facilitated extensive application of neuron manipulation for studying neural circuits,thereby greatly accelerating research into olfactory mechanisms.This review summarizes the latest research progress on the regulatory effects of neural projections from the olfactory cortex,basal forebrain,raphe nucleus,and locus coeruleus on olfactory bulb function.Furthermore,the important role that photogenetic technology plays in olfactory mechanism research is evaluated.Finally,the existing problems and future development trends in current research are preliminarily proposed and explained.This review aims to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying olfactory neural regulation as well as applications of optogenetic technology,which are crucial for advancing the research on olfactory mechanism and the application of optogenetic technology.

关 键 词：光遗传 嗅球 神经投射 神经环路 嗅觉信号 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]