2011—2023年上海市金山区钉螺分布特征分析  

Analysis on the distribution characteristics of oncomelania hupensis in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2011 to 2023

作　　者：王畅 王唐[1] 俞瑞芳[1] 董兆鹏 李淑华[1] 李静 宋灿磊[1] WANG Chang;WANG Tang;YU Ruifang;DONG Zhaopeng;LI Shuhua;LI Jing;SONG Canlei(Jinshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201599,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201599

出　　处：《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》2024年第4期193-197,213,共6页Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases

基　　金：金山区第七周期医学重点专科“攀登计划”建设项目传染病流行病学学科(项目编号:JSZK2023H06)。

摘　　要：目的 了解2011—2023年上海市金山区钉螺分布特征及变化趋势,为今后完善金山区血吸虫病防控措施提供依据。方法 收集2011—2023年上海市金山区螺情资料,描述性分析金山区有螺面积、最高密度、有螺环境、活螺框出现率等指标,使用χ^(2)检验比较不同地形和地区的活螺框出现率是否有差异,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2011—2023年上海市金山区有螺面积为92 140m^(2),总体呈下降趋势。其中沟渠有螺面积为15 490m^(2),波动较大;林地有螺面积为60 900m^(2),波动较大;河岸滩涂有螺面积为15 750m^(2),呈下降趋势。钉螺平均最高密度为29.89只/0.11m^(2),活螺框出现率平均为7.38%。沟渠和林地平均最高密度均呈上升趋势,河岸滩涂平均最高密度相对平稳。不同地形的活螺框出现率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=113.152,P<0.001);不同地区的活螺框出现率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=83.659,P<0.001)。结论 上海市金山区螺情总体相对平稳,但钉螺有向林地和沟渠扩散的趋势。为巩固血防成果,今后应重点加强林地和沟渠的螺情监测与控制工作。Objective To understand the distribution characteristics and changing trend of oncomelania hupensis in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2011 to 2023, and to provide basis for improving schistosomiasis control measures in Jinshan District in the future. Methods Data of snail situation in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2011 to 2023 were collected,and indicators such as snail area,highest density, snail environment and the occurrence rate of live snail frames in Jinshan District were descriptively analyzed. Chi-square test was used to examine whether there was statistically significant difference in the occurrence rate of live snail frames among different terrains and regions,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From 2011 to 2023,the snail area in Jinshan District of Shanghai was 92 140m^(2),showing an overall downward trend. Among them,the snail area of the ditch was 15 490m^(2),which fluctuated greatly. The snail area in woodlands was 60 900m^(2), which fluctuated greatly. The snail area of the riverbank beach was 15 750m^(2),showing a downward trend. The average maximum density of oncomelania hupensis was 29.89/0.11m^(2),and the average occurrence rate of live snail frames was 7.38%. The average maximum density of ditches and woodlands showed an increasing trend, and the average maximum density of the riverbank beach was relatively stable. There was significant difference in the occurrence rate of live snail frames among different terrains (χ^(2)=113.152,P<0.001). The occurrence rate of live snail frames among different regions was statistically significant (χ^(2)=83.659,P<0.001). Conclusions The snail situation in Jinshan District of Shanghai was relatively stable, but snails tended to spread to woodlands and ditches. In order to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control, the monitoring and control of snails in woodlands and ditches should be strengthened in the future.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 钉螺 金山区 

分 类 号：R184.38[医药卫生—流行病学]