2022年荆州市1起人偏肺病毒感染暴发疫情调查  

Investigation of an outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in Jingzhou City in 2022

作　　者：江鸿 杨梦珠 肖林[1] 刘天[1] 姚梦雷[1] JIANG Hong;YANG Mengzhu;XIAO Lin;LIU Tian;YAO Menglei(Jingzhou City Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Jingzhou 434000,Hubei Province,China;Macheng City Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Huanggang 438000,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]荆州市疾病预防控制中心,湖北荆州434000 [2]麻城市疾病预防控制中心,湖北黄冈438000

出　　处：《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》2024年第4期230-233,255,共5页Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases

摘　　要：目的分析1起人偏肺病毒感染暴发疫情的流行特征和主要原因,为今后疫情防控工作提供参考。方法2022年7月对湖北省荆州市某精神病院人偏肺病毒感染暴发疫情进行现场流行病学调查;开展环境卫生学调查,了解疫情传播因素;采集患者咽拭子,开展22种常见呼吸道病原体核酸检测,明确病原体;使用Excel 2013、SPSS 18.0软件进行数据整理和统计分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本次疫情共持续13 d,累计搜索到45例病例,罹患率25.42%。临床表现以咳嗽、发热为主,无危重症、死亡病例。首发病例发病时间为2022年7月1日,末例病例发病时间为7月13日,发病高峰为7月9日;病例主要分布在第3病区1楼病房;罹患率女性高于男性(χ^(2)=38.836,P<0.001),精神病患者高于医护人员(χ^(2)=5.832,P=0.016)。采集的16例病例标本中,9例病例人偏肺病毒核酸阳性,阳性率56.25%(9/16)。结论医务人员在院外感染后带病上岗、继发病例未及时隔离治疗是本起暴发疫情的主要原因;夏季空调病房门窗紧闭、消毒频次不足是疫情扩散的重要危险因素。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and main causes of an outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection,and to provide reference for future work on prevention and control of epidemic.Methods In July 2022,an on-site epidemiological investigation was conducted on the outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in a psychiatric hospital in Jingzhou City of Hubei Province.Environmental hygiene was investigated in order to understand the factors contributing to the spread of the epidemic.Throat swabs from patients were collected for nucleic acid testing of 22 common respiratory pathogens to identify the pathogens.Excel 2013 and SPSS18.0 software were used for data organization and statistical analysis,and the difference of P<0.05was considered statistically significant.Results The epidemic lasted for 13 days and a total of 45cases were searched,with an incidence rate of 25.42%.The clinical manifestations were mainly cough and fever,with no critical illness or death cases.The first case occurred on July 1,2022,the last case occurred on July 13,and the peak of incidence was on July 9.The cases were mainly distributed in the first floor ward of the third ward.The incidence rate in females was higher than that of males(χ^(2)=38.836,P<0.001),and psychiatric patients was higher than that of medical personnel(χ^(2)=5.832,P=0.016).Among the 16 collected case specimens,9 cases showed positive nucleic acid test results for human metapneumovirus,with a positive rate of 56.25%(9/16).Conclusions The main reasons for this outbreak of epidemic were that the medical personnel was infected outside the hospital and then back on duty with the disease,and secondary cases were not isolated and treated in a timely manner.The important risk factors for the spread of the epidemic were that the doors and windows of air-conditioned wards were tightly closed in summer,and the frequency of disinfection was insufficient.

关 键 词：人偏肺病毒 呼吸道感染 暴发 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]