高速涡轮发动机射流预冷湿压缩性能及流动换热研究  

Research on Wet Compression Performance and Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristic of High-speed Turbine Engine Mass Injection Pre-cooling

作　　者：徐嘉沛 李育隆[1,2] 杨正南 李星剑 XU Jiapei;LI Yulong;YANG Zhengnan;LI Xingjian(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing,China,Post Code:100191;National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-thermodynamics,Beijing,China,Post Code:100083)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院,北京100191 [2]航空发动机气动热力国防科技重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《热能动力工程》2024年第11期30-39,共10页Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power

基　　金：航空发动机气动热力国防科技重点实验室基金项目(2023-JCJQ-LB-063-0407)。

摘　　要：在高马赫数飞行时,进气总温过高会导致压气机性能严重恶化,射流预冷湿压缩可降低进口空气总温和压气机压缩空气耗功,提高循环效率。本文以跨声速压气机级NASA Stage35为研究对象,建立基于欧拉-拉格朗日法的压气机气液两相三维流场计算方法,从压气机内部流场变化、轴向位置温度分布、压气机性能角度出发,研究高速涡轮机压气机射流预冷湿压缩的性能及流动换热特性。研究表明:在流动换热方面,射流预冷湿压缩可使叶片前缘及叶片尾缘后高温区域的温度明显降低,激波下游的低速区减小;液滴直径的减小、喷液量的增加、飞行马赫数的提高,均可提升压气机的降温效果,温降百分比最大范围为13%~20%;在性能方面,射流预冷湿压缩能明显提高进口流量,降低压气机比压缩功,提升压气机效率;液滴直径越小,喷液量越大,压气机的效率越高,效率较干压缩最大范围提高6%~10%,且随着马赫数的增加,液滴直径对压气机性能的影响变小。During flight under high Mach number,air compressor suffers from a serious performance deterioration due to the high total temperature of inlet air.Mass injection pre-cooling can reduce the total temperature of inlet air,lower the compressed air power consumption of the compressor,and improve the cycle efficiency.Taking a NASA Stage35 transonic compressor as research object,the wet compression performance and flow and heat transfer characteristic of high-speed turbine compressor mass injection precooling is studied by a two-phase 3D flow field calculation method based on Euler-Lagrange method from aspects of internal flow field change,axial position temperature distribution and the performance of compressor.The research shows that from the aspect of flow and heat transfer,mass injection pre-cooling wet compression can significantly reduce the temperature of the hot spot around leading edge and behind trailing edge,and decrease the low speed zone downstream of the shock wave,with the temperature drop percentage of compressor flow field in the maximum range of 13%-20%by three approaches of decreasing the droplet diameter,increasing the mass flow rate of injected coolant and increasing Mach number of flight.From the aspect of compression performance,mass injection wet compression can increase the mass flow rate of inlet air,reduce compressor specific compression work and increase the efficiency of compressor by a maximum of 6%-10%compared with dry compression by two approaches of decreasing the droplet diameter and increasing the mass flow rate,which is less affected by droplet diameter under high Mach number.

关 键 词：高速涡轮发动机 压气机 射流预冷 湿压缩 流动换热 

分 类 号：V233.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]