西安丰镐遗址出土西周晚期青铜器的科技分析  

Scientific Analysis of Late Western Zhou Bronze Unearthed from the Fenghao Site in Xi'an

作　　者：郭瑞 冯健 纪娟 Guo Rui;Feng Jian;Ji Juan

机构地区：[1]西安市文物保护考古研究院 [2]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院 [3]陕西省文物保护研究院

出　　处：《北方文物》2024年第6期52-61,共10页Northern Cultural Relics

基　　金：陕西省科技厅“考古发掘过程全息数字化保护及传播关键技术与应用”(项目编号:2021ZDLGY15-07)。

摘　　要：西安市长安区丰镐遗址腹地发现4座西周晚期贵族墓,其中,1座墓葬出土5件青铜鼎、2件青铜鉴。在X光工艺初探基础上,为进一步明确青铜铸造工艺,通过XRF、SEM-EDS、金相组织观察,确定7件青铜器均为铸造而成,部分器物为实用器。其中,3件青铜器为锡青铜,2件为铅锡青铜,2件为含铁量高的铅锡青铜,可能使用了富铁铜矿冶炼铜料。结果表明,出于同一墓葬青铜器合金配比差异明显,矿料选择精良程度不高,制作工艺粗糙,实用器居多,一定程度反映了西周晚期青铜器铸造、使用现状,为研究西周晚期青铜制作工艺发展变化做了补充。Four noble tombs from the late Western Zhou period were discovered in the core area of the Fenghao Site,located in Chang'an District,Xi'an.Among these tombs,one yielded five bronze ding vessels and two bronze jian vessels.Building on preliminary exploration using X-ray technology,further analysis was conducted to clarify the bronze casting techniques employed.Methods including XRF,SEM-EDS,and metallographic observation were used to determine that all seven bronze objects were cast.Some of these objects were utility objects.Three of the bronzes were made of tin bronze,two of lead-tin bronze,and two of lead-tin bronze with a high iron content,suggesting that copper material smelted from iron-rich copper ore may have been used.The results reveal significant differences in the alloy composition of bronzes from the same tomb,indicating a lack of refined material selection and a generally rough casting process,with utilitarian objects being predominant.These findings provide supplementary data for understanding the state of bronze casting and usage during the late Western Zhou period and contribute to the study of technological developments in bronze craftsmanship during that era.

关 键 词：西安 丰镐遗址 西周晚期 青铜器 工艺 

分 类 号：K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]