黑河中游人工固沙植被恢复对爬行类和兽类动物多样性的影响  

Effects of restoration of artificial sand-fixing vegetation on the diversity of reptiles and mammals in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin

作　　者：刘继亮 冯怡琳 王永珍 潘成臣 包天玲 任嘉隆 赵文智 Jiliang Liu;Yilin Feng;Yongzhen Wang;Chengchen Pan;Tianling Bao;Jialong Ren;Wenzhi Zhao(Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610213,China;College of Geographic Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610213 [3]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2024年第6期167-177,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：甘肃省拔尖领军人才项目(E339040101);国家自然科学基金项目(42230720,41771290,42377043,41773086)。

摘　　要：天然流动沙丘和固定沙丘植被恢复,会影响荒漠无脊椎动物和脊椎动物多样性。以黑河中游张掖绿洲为研究区,利用陷阱收集器和红外触发相机调查流动沙丘、5~10年和20~30年梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林爬行类和兽类动物及节肢动物多样性,确定爬行类和兽类动物多样性及与节肢动物互作关系对人工固沙植被恢复的响应规律。结果表明:流动沙丘转变为人工梭梭林会影响爬行类动物群落结构,20~30年梭梭林爬行类动物捕获数量及物种丰富度显著低于流动沙丘。虫纹麻蜥(Scincella doriae)和荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)在5~10年梭梭林生境捕获数量增加,而在20~30年梭梭林捕获数量则降低;荒漠麻蜥(Eremias przewalskii)在人工梭梭林捕获数量显著低于流动沙丘。流动沙丘和人工梭梭林兽类群落组成也明显不同,流动沙丘转变为人工梭梭林显著提高了兽类的月相对多度指数、物种丰富度和多样性指数。大沙鼠与捕食性兽类(如兔狲(Otocolobus manul)和赤狐(Vulpes vulpes))的活动强度均随着人工梭梭林恢复年限的增加先升后降。流动沙丘转变为梭梭林还会影响节肢动物、爬行类和兽类的互作关系。亚洲野猫(Felis silvestris)的活动强度与大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)的活动强度显著负相关,虎鼬(Vormela peregusna)的活动强度与大沙鼠的活动强度显著正相关;兔狲和虎鼬的活动强度与荒漠麻蜥捕获数量负相关;爬行类的捕获数量与蛛形纲捕获数量显著负相关,兔狲和赤狐的活动强度与鞘翅目捕获数量显著正相关。此外,流动沙丘转变为人工梭梭林降低了蛛形纲对鞘翅目和蚁科的捕食强度。总之,流动沙丘转变人工梭梭林提高了大沙鼠、爬行类及节肢动物的数量,虎鼬、兔狲和赤狐等捕食性兽类的活动强度也随之增加并改变了节肢动物、爬行类和兽类互作关系,从而影响了荒漠动物多样性及其生态功�Conversion of natural mobile and fixed sandy dune into artificial sand-fixing vegetation changes the vegetation and soil environment,which in turn affects the vertebrates and invertebrate diversity.In this paper,we establish long-term monitoring sites for desert animal diversity in mobile sandy dune(MSD),5-10-year-old(HAP5-10),and 20-30-year-old Haloxylon ammodendron plantation(HAP5-10 and HAP20-30)located in the Zhangye Oasis of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin.Reptiles,mammals and arthropods in the MSD,HAP5-10,and HAP20-30 habitats were observed using pitfall trapping and infrared-triggered cameras,and to determine the patterns of response of reptile and mammal diversity and the interaction with arthropods to the restoration of artificial sand-fixing vegetation.The results showed that conversion of natural mobile sandy dunes into Haloxylon ammodendron plantations changed the assemblage of reptiles,and the abundance and species richness of reptiles in the MSD were higher than those in HAP20-30 habitats.Phrynocephalus przewalskii and Scincella doriae captured increased slightly in HAP5-10 habitats compared to MSD habitats,but decreasing in HAP20-30 habitats.Eremias przewalskii caught in MSD was significantly higher than in HAP5-10 and HAP20-30 habitats.The mammal assemblages also showed significant variations between MSD with HAP5-10 and HAP20-30 habitats.Conversion of mobile sandy dune to H.ammodendron plantations significantly increased the monthly relative abundance index,species richness and diversity index of mammals.The activity intensity of both Rhombomys opimus and predatory mammals(e.g.,Otocolobus manul and Vulpes vulpes)increased and then decreased with the number of years of restoration of the H.ammodendron plantations.Conversion of mobile sandy dune to H.ammodendron plantations also affected arthropod,reptile and theropod interactions.The activity intensity of Felis silvestris was significantly negatively correlated with that of R.opimus,and that of Vormela peregusna was significantly posit

关 键 词：黑河中游 流动沙丘 人工梭梭林 爬行类 兽类 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]