雅鲁藏布江米林段爬坡沙丘形态演变及移动规律  

Morphological evolution and migration characteristics of a climbing dune in Mainling Great Valley section of Yarlung Zangbo River

作　　者：褚佳琦 严平 苏志珠[3] 袁文杰 王晓旭 张潇 赵华刚 Jiaqi Chu;Ping Yan;Zhizhu Su;Wenjie Yuan;Xiaoxu Wang;Xiao Zhang;Huagang Zhao(MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of History and Culture,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]山西大学历史文化学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2024年第6期220-230,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371008,41871010);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0906)。

摘　　要：雅鲁藏布江流域同时具备沙源、风动力和堆积场所等风沙沉积的理想条件,风沙地貌在河流宽谷段广泛分布。基于1970—2022年多期高分遥感影像解译和气象数据分析,研究了雅鲁藏布江米林宽谷段麦村爬坡沙丘的形态演变及移动规律。结果表明:(1)1970—2010年,爬坡沙丘整体规模明显增长,此后相对稳定;1970年至今,爬坡沙丘表层沙垄分布越来越密集,交会情况也越来越复杂;对爬坡沙丘整体而言,各形态参数间相关性不大,而爬坡沙丘表层沙垄的大多形态参数两两之间有良好的相关性。(2)米林风向以N和NNE为主,起沙风风向以SW和SSW为主,合成输沙方向为53.87°,多年来属于低风能环境(DP=28.18 VU),中风向变率(RDP/DP=0.72)。(3)2010—2022年,表层沙垄整体向NNE方向移动15.71 m,沙垄移动速度0.23~26.79 m·a^(-1),平均2.57 m·a^(-1)。研究区风能环境低导致沙垄移动速度较慢。受地形影响,近地表层气流与大区域风况共同控制沙垄移动,使其实际移动方向与合成输沙方向存在一定夹角。地形、风况、植被、降水及沙丘本身的特性共同造就了形态特殊的爬坡沙丘,使其成为了独具特色且引人注目的风沙地貌景观。The Yarlung Zangbo River basin has the ideal conditions for aeolian sand deposition,such as sand source,wind power and accumulation site,and aeolian geomorphology are widely distributed in the wide valley of the river.Based on high-resolution remote sensing images from 1970 to 2022 and meteorological data,this study analyzed the morphological evolution and migration characteristics of typical climbing dune in Mainling Great Valley section of Yarlung Zangbo River.The results showed that:(1)From 1970 to 2010,the overall scale of climbing dune in Maicun Village increased significantly,and then remained relatively stable.From 1970 to now,the surface sand ridges of climbing dunes are more and more densely distributed,and the intersection is more and more complicated.For the climbing dune as a whole,there is little correlation between the morphological parameters,but there is a good correlation between most of the morphological parameters of the surface sand ridges.(2)The prevailing wind direction in Mainling Counrty was N and NNE,while the sand-driving wind direction is SW and SSW.The resultant drift direction is 53.87°,and the region has experienced a low wind energy environment(DP=28.18 VU)and moderate wind direction variability(RDP/DP=0.72)over the years.(3)From 2010 to 2022,the sueface sand ridges of climbing dunes moved 15.71 m towards the NNE.The sand ridges migration rate is 0.23-26.79 m·a^(-1),and the average migration rate is 2.57 m·a^(-1).The low wind energy environment in the study area leads to slow sand ridges movement.Additionally,influenced by topography,near-surface air currents and large-scale wind conditions jointly govern the movement of the sand ridges,resulting in a discrepancy between their actual movement direction and the resultant drift direction.Terrain,wind conditions,vegetation,precipitation and the characteristics of the dunes themselves combine to create special climbing dune,making it a unique and eye-catching aeolian geomorphology landscape.

关 键 词：爬坡沙丘 沙丘形态 沙丘移动 动态变化 雅鲁藏布江 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]