2013-2022年内蒙古自治区达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地动物鼠疫流行特征分析  

Epidemic characteristics of plague in the plague foci of Spermophilus dauricus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,2013-2022

作　　者：冯一兰 于欣欣 范蒙光 李建云 张大禹 张忠兵 FENG Yi-lan;YU Xin-xin;FAN Meng-guang;LI Jian-yun;ZHANG Da-yu;ZHANG Zhong-bing(Institute of Local Disease Prevention and Control,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine),Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010080,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心(内蒙古自治区预防医学科学院)地方病防治所,内蒙古呼和浩特010080

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第6期681-686,共6页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：内蒙古自治区鼠疫防控关键技术研究(2021ZD0006)。

摘　　要：目的分析内蒙古自治区(内蒙古)达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地宿主动物和媒介蚤类的物种构成、密度及动物疫情流行特征,为制定鼠疫防控策略提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法,对2013-2022年内蒙古达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地监测和疫情数据进行分析。采用Excel 2019软件对数据资料进行整理计算;SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。染蚤率的比较采用χ^(2)检验;鼠密度和鼠体蚤的比较采用t检验;洞干蚤和巢蚤蚤指数的比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果松辽平原地区捕获宿主动物20种61756只;获蚤12种44299匹;达乌尔黄鼠平均密度为0.45只/hm^(2)。察哈尔丘陵地区捕获宿主动物19种14096只;获蚤15种42713匹;达乌尔黄鼠平均密度为2.26只/hm^(2)。松辽平原地区未发生疫情。察哈尔丘陵地区在4个年度2个旗(区)发生动物疫情,分离到长爪沙鼠鼠疫菌4株、检出达乌尔黄鼠阳性血清2份。结论松辽平原地区鼠疫流行暂处于静息状态。察哈尔丘陵地区鼠疫疫情活跃,沙鼠鼠疫和黄鼠鼠疫同时流行,疫情形势复杂。Objective To analyze the species composition and dencity of host animals and vector fleas and the epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in the plague foci of Spermophilus dauricus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Inner Mongolia),China,so as to provide scientific evidence for plague prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiology methods were used to analyze the surveillance and epidemic data in the plague foci of S.dauricus in Inner Mongolia from 2013 to 2022.Excel 2019 software was used for data collation and calculation,and SPSS 19.0 software for statistical analysis.The flea infestation rates were compared by the Chi-square test;the rodent density and the index of rodent body fleas were compared by the t test;the index of burrow fleas and nest fleas were compared by the Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results In Songliao Plain,a total of 61756 individuals from 20 species of host animals were captured,with 44299 individuals from 12 species of fleas obtained;the mean density of S.dauricus was 0.45 inds/hm^(2).In Qahar Hills,14096 individuals from 19 species of host animals were captured,with 42713 individuals from 15 species of fleas obtained;the mean density of S.dauricus was 2.26 inds/hm^(2).No outbreaks occurred in Songliao Plain.Animal plague outbreaks occurred in two banners(districts)in Qahar Hills over the four years,with four strains of Yersinia pestis from Meriones unguiculatus isolated and two positive serum samples of S.dauricus detected.Conclusions The epizootic plague in Songliao Plain remains in a resting state at present,while that in Qahar Hills is active.M.unguiculatus plague and S.dauricus plague are prevalent simultaneously.The epidemic situation is complex.

关 键 词：鼠疫 达乌尔黄鼠 疫源地 松辽平原 察哈尔丘陵 

分 类 号：R384.3[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] R254.8[医药卫生—基础医学]