云南省景洪市新发鼠疫疫点和周边地区疫源地调查及流行风险分析  

Investigation and epidemic risk analysis of new plague foci and vicinal regions in Jinghong,Yunnan Province,China

作　　者：浦恩念 许定聪 苏超[1] 苏丽琼[1] 段彪[1] 亚红祥[1] 任健男 邹建红 谭力滔 高子厚[1] PU En-nian;XU Ding-cong;SU Chao;SU Li-qiong;DUAN Biao;YA Hong-xiang;REN Jian-nan;ZOU Jian-hong;TAN Li-tao;GAO Zi-hou(Plague Prevention and Control Department,Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China;Jinghong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所鼠疫防治科,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]大理大学,云南大理671000 [3]西双版纳傣族自治州疾病预防控制中心,云南景洪666100 [4]景洪市疾病预防控制中心,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第6期687-691,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81660554)。

摘　　要：目的通过对景洪市黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地2016年新发鼠疫疫点及周边地区开展疫源地宿主动物调查,了解动物间鼠疫流行情况,评估其流行风险,为该地区的鼠疫监测和防控工作提供依据。方法2022年9月,对景洪市普文镇和大渡岗乡开展鼠疫疫源地宿主动物和媒介生物调查,采用细菌学、血清学、分子生物学方法对捕获和捡拾的小型兽类(小兽)脏器、血清、寄生蚤进行实验室检验。结果共获得小兽61只,隶属于2目3科4属7种,黄胸鼠占79.66%,是该地区的优势鼠种。捡获小兽体表寄生蚤35匹,均为印鼠客蚤,居民区蚤指数为1.00~2.00,野外蚤指数为0.00~0.38。鼠疫血清学检验样本119份(含2份间接血凝试验样本),鼠疫细菌学检验小兽样本61份、蚤类样本35份,荧光定量PCR方法检测小兽样本核酸4份,仅2份黄胸鼠血清鼠疫F1抗体阳性,未分离到鼠疫耶尔森菌,未检出鼠疫耶尔森菌特异性基因片段。结论景洪市普文镇和周边地区鼠疫主要宿主动物和媒介蚤类分布广泛,局部地区宿主动物捕获率和蚤指数较高,仍然存在鼠疫流行风险。建议对宿主动物捕获率和蚤指数较高的区域及时开展预防性灭鼠和灭蚤,持续加强该区域的鼠疫监测,防止人间鼠疫的再次发生。Objective To investigate host animals in new plague foci with a new outbreak in 2016 and vicinal regions in the plague foci of Rattus tanezumi in Jinghong,Yunnan Province,China,and to determine the epidemic situation and risk of plague among animals,so as to provide a basis for plague monitoring,prevention,and control in this area.Methods An investigation was carried out on host animals and vectors in the plague foci in Puwen Town and Dadugang Township,Jinghong City in September 2022.Bacteriological,serological,and molecular biological laboratory tests were conducted on the visceral organs,serums,and parasitic fleas of small mammals captured and collected.Results A total of 61 small mammals were obtained,which belonged to 7 species from 4 genera,3 families,and 2 orders.R.tanezumi accounted for 79.66%and was the dominant species.A total of 35 parasitic fleas were collected on the body surface of small mammals,all of which were Xenopsylla cheopis.The flea index ranged from 1.00 to 2.00 in the residential area and from 0.00 to 0.38 in the wild area.Of 119 samples(induding 2 samples for reverse indirect hemagglutination assay)for testing serologically,61 small mammal samples and 35 flea samples for testing bacteriologically,and 4 DNA samples from small mammals detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,two F1 antibody-positive serum samples of R.tanezumi were detected.No Yersinia pestis was isolated and no specific gene fragment of Y.pestis was detected.Conclusions Main host animals and vector fleas of plague are widely distributed in Puwen Town and vicinal regions in Jinghong,and the capture rate of host animals and their flea index are relatively high in some areas,indicating an epidemic risk of plague.It is suggested that preventive rodent and flea control should be carried out in time in areas with high capture rate of host animals and flea index,and continuous plague monitoring should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of human plague.

关 键 词：黄胸鼠 鼠疫自然疫源地 流行 景洪市 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]