纳米技术在脲醛树脂胶黏剂改性中的应用研究进展  

Progress on Urea Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives Modified by Nanomaterials

作　　者：安国策 AN Guo-ce(School of Forensic Science and Technology,Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang 110035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院刑事科学技术学院,沈阳110035

出　　处：《高分子通报》2024年第12期1740-1756,共17页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号22306127);辽宁省教育厅青年基金(基金号JYTQN2023419)。

摘　　要：脲醛(Urea formaldehyde, UF)树脂具有成本低廉、易于制备等优点,被用作胶粘剂大量用于人造板的生产制作中。但脲醛树脂胶粘剂在水分子的作用下会发生化学键的断裂,释放甲醛,降低脲醛树脂的性能。向脲醛树脂胶黏剂中添加纳米材料改性剂,纳米颗粒能与脲醛树脂产生物理或化学作用,实现脲醛树脂的改性提质。本文综述了利用纳米材料对脲醛树脂胶黏剂进行改性的方法。将近年来应用的纳米材料归纳为单质类纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料、非金属氧化物纳米材料、无机盐纳米材料、有机大分子纳米材料,并从这几个方面对纳米材料改性脲醛树脂胶黏剂的反应机理、生产工艺、改性效果等方面进行了总结。纳米材料通过光催化氧化机制、分子间作用力、氢键等机理对脲醛树脂进行改性,对于不同的纳米材料,选择不同的反应原料配比、纳米材料添加量、纳米材料添加时间、反应温度等,能优化生产工艺,起到降低甲醛释放量、增强树脂黏结性能等效果。对纳米材料进行修饰改造之后再应用于脲醛树脂改性,有望增加新的反应位点、提高纳米材料与脲醛树脂的相容性,具有一定的研究和应用前景。Urea formaldehyde(UF)resin is widely used as an adhesive in the production of artificial boards because of the advantages of low cost and easy preparation.However,the UF resin adhesive can undergo chemical bond breakage and release formaldehyde under the attack of water molecules,which reduces the performance of UF resin.By adding nanomaterials to the UF resin adhesive,the nanoparticles can physically or chemically interact with the UF resin,thereby modifying and improving the resin.This article summarizes the methods for modifying UF resin adhesives by nanomaterials.The nanomaterials applied in recent years are classified into elemental,metal oxide,non-metal oxide,inorganic salt,and organic macromolecule nanomaterials.The reaction mechanism,production process,and modification effects are summarized.Nanomaterials modify UF resin through mechanisms such as photocatalytic oxidation,intermolecular forces,and hydrogen bonding.For different nanomaterials,selecting the suitable reaction raw material ratios,the time and amounts of nanomaterials additive and the temperature of chemical reaction can optimize production processes,reduce formaldehyde emissions,and enhance resin bonding properties.After being modified,nanomaterials can be better applied to modify UF resin.They are expected to increase new reaction sites and improve the compatibility between nanomaterials and UF resin,which has certain research and application prospects.

关 键 词：脲醛树脂 胶黏剂 纳米材料 改性 

分 类 号：TQ433.431[化学工程] TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]