思想史视阈中的孔子仁学  

The Benevolence Theory of Confucius through the Perspective of ldeological History

作　　者：孔德立 KONG Deli

机构地区：[1]孔子研究院,山东曲阜273100 [2]孟子研究院,山东曲阜273100

出　　处：《孔子研究》2024年第6期83-90,159,共9页Confucius Studies

基　　金：北京市教育委员会社科计划重点项目“中国传统的齐家之道与家国共同体研究”(项目编号:SZ202210028015);北京市社会科学基金一般项目(项目编号:21GLB015)的阶段性成果;山东省泰山学科研基全支持。

摘　　要：仁是儒学的核心概念。孔子基于对春秋时期礼的思考而创立仁学。春秋霸政时期的贵族之礼,已经在西周时期的礼之中有所体现。孔子评价管仲“如其仁”,是对霸政时期贵族君子捍卫诸夏共同体的肯定。霸政之后,大夫专权,礼从形式到内涵均遭遇困境。孔子教弟子博文约礼,以学成就君子,以仁寄寓于礼。“约已”与“能己”皆可以“行仁”。仁,难以及。但“为仁由己”,又可及。孔子不反对从政,但反对弟子着急从政。孔子教弟子以修已为本,以仁培养弟子德行,做文质彬彬的君子。孔子仁学从内在价值上给周公以来的礼学提供了支撑,从而使得儒学以仁为价值核心,以礼为秩序规范,形成稳定的“合内外之道”的理论学说。Benevolence is the core concept of Confucianism.Confucius founded benevolence on the basis of the rites in the Spring and Autumn Period.The rites of the nobility during the Spring and Autumn period were already reflected in the rites of the Western Zhou period.Confucius'evaluation of Guan Zhong as"benevolent"is an affirmation of the noble gentleman's defense of the Xia Community during the hegemonic period.After the tyrant,the scholar-official was monopolized,and the ceremony from form to connotation encountered difficulties.Confucius taught his disciples to broaden their intellectual horizon and to keep within the bounds of propriety,to achieve a gentleman through learning,to infuse benevolence in rites.Both"Nengji"and"Yueji"can"perform benevolence".Confucius did not oppose politics,but opposed his disciples rushing into politics.Confucius benevolence theory provided support to the doctrine of rites since the Duke of Zhou from the intrinsic value,so that Confucianism took benevolence as the core value,took rites as the order standard,and formed a stable theoretical theory of"harmony between internal and external Dao".

关 键 词：孔子 仁 礼 霸政 春秋 

分 类 号：B[哲学宗教]