基于造价大数据的铁路工程造价指标指数研究  

Research on Railway Engineering Cost Index Based on Big Data

作　　者：黄源[1] HUANG Yuan(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉430063

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第12期43-51,共9页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家铁路局造价标准研究项目(2020ZJ017)。

摘　　要：为有效利用铁路工程造价历史数据,构建铁路工程行业造价知识体系,同时为造价分析与管理决策提供技术参考,通过分析铁路工程造价数据特点,提出基于造价大数据的铁路工程造价指标指数的研究思路及研究框架。在此基础上,首先根据现行铁路工程造价标准及概预算编制特点,提出铁路造价信息数据的两种分类方式及各自的采集标准;其次,为有效地组织多维、海量的造价信息数据,使其形成具有内生关系的数据集,分别构建基于章节目录及定额条目的数据采集模型;再次,为了自动识别、区分铁路工程造价信息数据集,通过分析不同信息标识构建方法的优缺点,提出铁路工程造价信息标识构建的原则,并将文本分类TF-IDF算法应用于造价信息标识分类,实现铁路造价信息数据自动化清洗与分类,进而形成铁路工程造价大数据;最后,通过对工程造价指标、指数的分析研究,提出基于造价大数据的铁路工程造价指标指数的构建方法及具体实现流程,并基于本文提出的软件技术框架开发了铁路工程造价信息化智能系统,实现了利用铁路工程造价历史数据自动化生成铁路工程造价知识体系--指标指数的目标。In order to effectively utilize historical railway engineering cost data and construct a cost knowledge system for the industry,while providing technical references for cost analysis and management decision-making,this paper analyzed the characteristics of railway engineering cost data and proposed a research approach and framework for the construction of a railway engineering cost index based on big data.On this basis,this study first proposed two classification methods for railway cost information data and their respective collection standards,based on the current railway engineering cost standards and the characteristics of budgeting and estimation.Secondly,to effectively organize multidimensional,massive cost information data and form a dataset with inherent relationships,data collection models based on chapter catalogs and quota items were developed.Furthermore,to automatically identify and distinguish railway engineering cost information datasets,the study analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different information labeling methods and proposed principles for constructing railway engineering cost information labels.The TF-IDF text classification algorithm was applied to classify cost information labels,achieving automated cleaning and classification of railway cost data,thus forming big data for railway engineering costs.Finally,through the analysis and research of engineering cost indicators and indices,this paper proposed a method for constructing a railway engineering cost index based on big data and the specific implementation process.Based on the software technology framework proposed in this paper,an intelligent railway engineering cost information system was developed,achieving the goal of automatically generating a railway engineering cost knowledge system consisting of indices and indicators using historical railway engineering cost data.

关 键 词：铁路工程 工程造价 大数据 TF-IDF算法 指数 

分 类 号：U21[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TU723.3[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]