基于BIM技术的地铁车站安全设计自动审查  

Automatic Safety Design Review of Metro Station Based on BIM Technology

作　　者：刘平[1] 尚永涛 许家铭 金学强 LIU Ping;SHANG Yongtao;XU Jiaming;JIN Xueqiang(School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学土木工程学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第12期156-161,共6页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72061023);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA173);兰州理工大学红柳优秀青年人才支持计划(03200038);甘肃省教育厅研究生“创新之星”项目(2023CXZX463)。

摘　　要：设计审查对于减少地铁车站安全问题至关重要,而现有的地铁车站设计审查工作多采用人工评审的方式,未实现设计问题的自动化审查。为解决现有设计审查对专家依赖程度高、工作量大和可视化程度不足的问题,提出一种地铁车站设计自动审查系统。首先,利用语义标签识别与地铁设计有关的规则,将以自然语言形式的设计规则转化为可用于计算机识别的图审规则,并将这部分知识存储于知识库中。随后,基于BIM平台设计了地铁车站设计自动审查系统的开发流程,借助知识库中的图审规则实现设计问题的自动审查,审查结果以预警弹窗和BIM可视化标记两种方式呈现。结果表明:该自动审查系统能够准确有效地识别地铁车站设计中存在的缺陷,审查结果直观,可以有效辅助设计审查工作。通过对设计规范知识的结构化处理,使安全知识可以在图审系统中重复使用。与传统的设计审查方式相比,本研究大大提高了设计审查效率和可视化程度,可以避免因主观原因造成的设计缺陷,实现在设计阶段规避后期风险事件。Design review plays a crucial role in mitigating safety issues in metro stations.However,the current design review process for metro stations primarily relies on manual evaluation,and lacks automation for reviewing design issues.To address the high dependency on experts,substantial workloads,and insufficient visualization in current review processes,an automatic design review system for metro stations was proposed.Initially,semantic labeling was utilized to identify rules associated with metro design,converting design rules expressed in natural language into graphical review rules that could be recognized by computers.These rules were then stored in a knowledge base.Subsequently,the process for the automatic review system was designed on the Building Information Modeling(BIM)platform.The system leveraged the graphical review rules in the knowledge base to automatically check design issues,with results presented through warning pop-ups and BIM visual markers.Findings demonstrated that the automatic review system accurately and effectively identified defects in metro station designs,with intuitive results that significantly assisted the design review process.By structuring design specification knowledge,safety information could be reused in the graphical review system.Compared to traditional design review methods,this study substantially enhances review efficiency and visualization,helping to prevent design defects caused by subjective factors,and mitigating potential risks during the design phase.

关 键 词：地铁车站 BIM 安全设计 设计审查 可视化 

分 类 号：U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TU17[建筑科学—建筑理论] X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]