减量施肥对玉米-大豆间作系统产量和氮素利用的影响  

Effects of fertilizer reduction on yield and nitrogen utilization in maize-soybean intercropping system

作　　者：贾文静 王晨瑜 王仕杰 邢雁捷 赵亮茹 任广鑫[1,2] JIA Wenjing;WANG Chenyu;WANG Shije;XING Yanjie;ZHAO Liangru;REN Guangxin(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第12期3435-3443,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971859)资助。

摘　　要：为探究玉米大豆间作系统在减量施肥条件下氮素高效利用特性。采用裂区设计,主区设玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米-大豆间作(玉米‖大豆),副区设不施肥、减量施肥(减肥20%)、常量施肥,研究不同种植模式和施肥水平对作物氮素积累、氮素转运、土壤氮含量及产量的影响。结果表明:减量施肥下,间作玉米和大豆各生育期植株氮素积累量较相应单作均降低,但间作模式总氮素积累量高于各单作模式,氮肥利用率较单作分别显著提高13.6%和129.1%。玉米‖大豆体系下,与常规施肥相比,减量施肥处理玉米和大豆各生育期(大豆盛花期除外)的植株氮素积累量分别显著提高5.8%~42.7%和31.8%~35.4%,氮素转运量分别显著提高114.8%和40.7%,氮肥利用率分别显著提高38.0%和46.6%,0~40 cm土层硝态氮含量分别显著提高4.5%~20.1%和21.0%~52.7%,且未显著影响产量。间作土地当量比为1.14~1.50,具有产量优势。综上,减量施肥增强了玉米‖大豆系统作物氮素积累和转运,在保证作物产量的同时,实现了间作系统氮素的高效利用。To investigate the characteristics of nitrogen utilization in maize-soybean intercropping system under reduced fertilization,we conducted a spilt-plot experiment,with maize monoculture,soybean monoculture and maizesoybean intercropping as the main plot,and no fertilization,reduced fertilization(by 20%)and conventional fertilization as the sub-plot.We examined the effects of different cropping patterns and fertilization rates on crop nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen translocation,soil nitrogen content and yield.The results showed that nitrogen accumulation of intercropped maize and soybean under reduced fertilization was reduced at different growing stages.The total nitrogen accumulation in intercropping pattern was higher than the monoculture patterns,and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly increased by 13.6%and 129.1%,respectively.In the maize-soybean intercropping system,nitrogen accumulation of maize and soybean under reduced fertilization significantly increased by 5.8%-42.7%and 31.8%-35.4%at different growing stages except soybean at flowering stage,nitrogen translocation amount significantly increased by 114.8%and 40.7%,the nitrogen utilization efficiency significantly increased by 38.0%and 46.6%,the nitrate content in the 0-40 cm soil layer significantly increased by 4.5%-20.1%and 21.0%-52.7%,but without any significant changes in yield.The land equivalent ratio of intercropping pattern ranged from 1.14 to 1.50,which had yield advantage.In conclusion,reduced fertilization in maize-soybean intercropping system achieved efficient nitrogen utilization by enhancing accumulation and translocation of nitrogen and maintaining crop yield.

关 键 词：玉米大豆间作 减量施肥 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S513