枸杞园土壤化学性质及微生物群落特征对种植年限的响应  

Response of soil chemical properties and microbial community characteristics in Lycium barbarum orchard to planting years

作　　者：邬佳伟 郭皓 郑杰 张强 罗珠珠[1] 何玉召 路永莉 WU Jiawei;GUO Hao;ZHENG Jie;ZHANG Qiang;LUO Zhuzhu;HE Yuzhao;LU Yongli(College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation,College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Gansu Province Farmland Quality Construction and Protection Station,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室,福州350002 [3]甘肃省耕地质量建设保护总站,兰州730046

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第12期3453-3460,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2024-17);地区科学基金项目(32260809);省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室(甘肃农业大学)开放基金项目(GSCS-2022-06)资助。

摘　　要：随着枸杞种植年限的延长,根区土壤化学性质及微生物群落分布均发生显著改变,限制了枸杞树体可持续健康管理与生产。本研究采用高通量测序技术,分析了种植3、5和10年枸杞果园根区土壤的化学性质、细菌和真菌群落多样性指数和相对丰度变化,以探究枸杞果园土壤微生物群落分布特征随种植年限的变化规律及其与土壤化学性质的关系。结果表明:随着种植年限的增加,土壤pH显著增加,土壤全氮、总有机碳、速效磷、速效钾、矿质态氮和电导率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且种植5年显著高于种植3和10年。各种植年限枸杞根区土壤细菌群落α多样性无显著改变,但真菌群落多样性先显著降低后显著增加。主坐标分析显示,5年枸杞根区土壤细菌和真菌群落结构与3和10年显著不同,但各种植年限枸杞根区土壤的优势细菌门均为变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门和芽单胞菌门,占总丰度的76.0%~82.0%;优势真菌门为子囊菌门,占总丰度的75.3%~80.7%。与种植3年相比,种植5年根区芽单胞菌门的相对丰度显著下降40.6%,拟杆菌门相对丰度显著增加63.2%;与种植5年相比,种植10年根区细菌中的酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、RB41属、玫瑰弯菌属和真菌中的镰刀菌属相对丰度显著增加了48.7%、125.5%、28.2%、60.1%、84.6%和260.9%,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度显著下降了56.3%和61.6%。Mantel检验结果表明,速效钾是影响枸杞根区细菌和真菌群落结构最主要的因素。综上,枸杞种植5年后根区土壤化学性质发生显著变化,土壤有益菌丰度下降、致病菌丰度增加,微生态环境变差,不利于研究区枸杞果园可持续健康管理与生产。With the extension of Lycium barbarum planting years,there would be significant changes in the chemical properties and microbial community distribution of rhizosphere soil,which limits the sustainable management and production of L.barbarum.Using high-throughput sequencing technology,we analyzed the chemical properties,diversity indices and relative abundance of bacterial and fungal community in rhizosphere soil in L.barbarum orchards planted for 3,5,and 10 years.The results showed that,with the increases of planting years,soil pH significantly increased,and soil total nitrogen,total organic carbon,available phosphorus,available potassium,mineral nitrogen,and electrical conductivity all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The highest levels occurred in the 5-year planting.Theα-diversity of soil bacterial community did not vary among different planting years,but the diversity of fungal communities first decreased and then increased.Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of L.barbarum were significantly different in 5-year-old plants from that under 3-year-old and 10-year-old plants.However,the dominant bacterial phyla in the root zone at different planting years were Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,and Gemmatimonadetes,accounting for 76.0%to 82.0%of the total abundance.The dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota,accounting for 75.3%to 80.7%of the total abundance.Compared with the 3-year planting period,the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes decreased significantly by 40.6%and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased significantly by 63.2%after 5 years of planting.Compared with the 5-year planting period,the relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Planctomycetes,Chloroflexi,RB41,Roseiflexus in bacteria,and the Fusarium in fungal increased significantly by 48.7%,125.5%,28.2%,60.1%,84.6%,and 260.9%,respectively,after 10 years of planting,while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacte

关 键 词：枸杞 种植年限 高通量测序 微生物群落 化学性质 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培] S153[农业科学—作物学] S154.3