高寒草甸表栖土壤节肢动物群落对季节非对称性增温的短期响应  

Short-term responses of epigeic soil arthropod communities to seasonal asymmetric warming in an alpine meadow

作　　者：张戍 吴鹏飞[1] 马金豪 王玉英 任晓 魏雪 ZHANG Shu;WU Pengfei;MA Jinhao;WANG Yuying;REN Xiao;WEI Xue(College of Grassland Resource,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学草地资源学院,成都610225

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第12期3477-3487,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32201396,U20A2008);四川省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1780);西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(ZD2023038)资助。

摘　　要：气候变暖对生态系统结构和功能的影响是当前全球变化研究的热点之一。土壤动物对维持生态系统的稳定具有重要意义,然而表栖土壤节肢动物群落对季节非对称性增温的响应机制尚不清楚。2022年4月在青藏高原高寒草甸采用OTC增温装置,随机设置对照、生长季增温、非生长季增温和全年增温4种处理,于2022年10月和2023年5月采用吸虫器法对各处理小区的表栖土壤节肢动物群落进行调查,共捕获表栖土壤节肢动物6654个,隶属于4纲21目96科144类。结果表明:增温处理对表栖土壤节肢动物群落组成无显著影响,但改变了其优势类群和营养类群组成。生长季增温显著降低了节肢动物群落的多样性指数,但对其密度和类群数无显著影响;显著降低了跳虫(主要为食真菌跳虫)的类群数;导致螨类密度显著增加了128.2%(主要为捕食性螨,显著增加127.8%),但降低了其多样性指数。非生长季增温对节肢动物群落的密度和多样性均无显著影响。增温通过改变植物群落、土壤养分和土壤含水量间接影响跳虫和螨类密度和多样性。研究表明,表栖土壤节肢动物群落多样性对生长季气候变暖非常敏感,未来气候变暖尤其是生长季变暖引起的表栖土壤节肢动物群落变化将导致高寒草甸土壤食物网结构和功能发生变化。The impact of climate warming on ecosystem structure and function is one of the hotspots in global change research.Soil fauna play an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability.However,the response of the epigeic soil arthropod communities to seasonal asymmetric warming is stll unclear.We set up a field experiment with using open-top chambers in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.There were four treatments,including control,growing season warming,non-growing season warming and year-round warming.We investigated soil arthropod communities using the motor-sucking method in October 2022 and May 2023.We collected a total of 6654 individuals of epigeic soil arthropod,belonging to 4 classes,21 orders,96 families and 144 taxa.The results showed that warming treatment did not affect community composition of soil arthropod,and significantly altered the dominant taxa as well as the trophic composition.The growing season warming significantly reduced the diversity index of the epigeic soil arthropod communities,but had no significant effect on density and taxonomic richness.It also significantly reduced the taxonomic richness of Collembola community(mainly fungal-feeding Collembola).The density of mite community was increased by 128.2%,while predatory mites were increased by 127.8%.However,it decreased the diversity index of the mite community.The non-growing season warming did not affect the density and diversity of the arthropod community.Warming indirectly affected the density and diversity of the Collembola and mite communities by altering plant community,soil nutrients,and soil water content.Our results highlight that the diversity of the epigeic soil arthropod community is highly sensitive to climate warming.Changes in the epigeic soil arthropod communities caused by climate warming,especially growing season warming,may lead to changes in the structure and function of soil food webs in alpine meadows.

关 键 词：跳虫 螨类 气候变暖 生长季 青藏高原 高寒草甸 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]