2006-2022年广东省广州市天河区突发公共卫生事件流行特征与处置情况  

Analysis on public health emergencies in Tianhe district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, during 2006–2022: epidemiological characteristics and response effort

作　　者：范翠华 叶新[1] 蒋明明 陈妍君 尹恬恬 王赫韬 陈静敏 蔡文锋 Fan Cuihua;Ye Xin;Jiang Mingming;Chen Yanjun;Yin Tiantian;Wang Hetao;Chen Jingmin;Cai Wenfeng(Tianhe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 510655,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市天河区疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510655

出　　处：《疾病监测》2024年第11期1465-1470,共6页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的 分析2006—2022年广东省广州市天河区突发公共卫生事件的流行特征和处置情况,为有效应对辖区突发公共卫生事件提供参考依据。方法 收集2006—2022年广州市天河区突发公共卫生事件的网报直报资料和疫情处理资料,采用描述流行病学方法,应用SPSS 25.0软件,对突发公共卫生事件基本信息等计数资料采用率或百分比表示,组间比较采用t检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验或χ^(2)检验,事件评价指标的相关性分析采用多元线性回归分析。结果 2006—2022年广州市天河区共报告突发公共卫生事件454起,累计报告发病9 524例,罹患率0.18%,死亡11例;传染病事件占96.48%,其中由其他感染性腹泻病39起(8.59%)、甲型H1N1流行性感冒31起(6.83%)、水痘30起(6.61%)及食物中毒8起(1.76%);各行政街道报告突发公共卫生事件均没有地区聚集性;突发公共卫生事件报告高峰期为每年的3—4月及9—11月,2006—2022年罹患率及死亡率总体呈线性下降趋势(罹患率趋势χ^(2)=17 270.040,死亡率趋势χ^(2)=64.030,均P<0.001);学校突发公共卫生事件中,以传染病事件为主,多发生于小学及托幼机构;突发公共卫生事件发现时效、核实时效、报告时效、控制时效和持续时间的中位数(四分位数)分别为0.27(0.17,1.00)h、0.17(0.17,0.33)h、0.21(0.14,0.36)h、671.11(358.10,2 972.96)h和157.00(48.25,406.50) h,不同类型突发公共卫生事件的发现时效、控制时效和持续时间比较,差异有统计学意义(H=16.750、23.570、21.330,P=0.01、<0.01、<0.01);非单病例突发公共卫生事件中,事件报告时效与事件持续时间呈正相关(r=0.26,P<0.01),多元线性回归分析显示,事件发现时效和报告时效与事件持续时间有关(β=401.62、599.27,P<0.01、0.012,F=6.490)。结论 2006—2022年广东省广州市天河区突发公共卫生事件报告数总体波动上升,发病例数总体呈低水平波动,罹患率及死亡率下降,学校事件多发�Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Tianhe district of Guangzhou,Guangdong province,from 2006 to 2022,and provide scientific evidence for the effective response to public health emergencies.Methods The incidence data of public health emergencies in Tianhe district of Guangzhou from 2006 to 2022 were collected from China Disease Reporting Information System for a descriptive epidemiological analysis.Software SPSS 25.0 was used to express the basic information of public health emergencies as rate or percentage.t-test,Kruskal-Wallis test orχ^(2) test were used for intra-group comparison.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for correlation analysis,and the test level wasα=0.05(two-sided).Results A total of 454 public health emergencies were reported in Tianhe district from 2006 to 2022,involving 9524 cases,with an attack rate of 0.18%,and 11 deaths.Infectious disease epidemics accounted for 96.48%of all the public health emergencies,involving 39 other infectious diarrhea cases(8.59%),31 influenza A(H1N1)cases(6.83%),30 chickenpox cases(6.61%)and 8 food poisoning cases(1.76%).The incidence of public health emergencies showed no spatial clustering in Tianhe district.The annual incidence peaks of public health emergencies occurred during March-April and during September-November.The overall incidence and mortality rates of the diseases detected in the public health emergencies showed linear decline trends(trendχ^(2)=17270.040,64.03,all P<0.001).The public health emergencies reported in educational institutions mainly occurred in elementary schools and childcare settings,which were mainly infectious disease epidemics.The medians(quartile)of times needed for epidemic detection,verification,reporting and control,and the epidemic duration were 0.27(0.17,1.00)h,0.17(0.17,0.33)h,0.21(0.14,0.36)h,671.11(358.10,2972.96)h and 157.00(48.25,406.50)h and varied with epidemic type,the differences were significant(H=16.750,23.570,21.330;P=0.01,<0.01,<0.01).The correl

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 流行病学 描述性分析 传染病事件 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R181.3