利用寒潮后存活果穗比例评价枇杷幼果抗冻性  

Evaluation of Freezing Tolerance in Loquat Young Fruit Based on the Survival Percentage of Fruit Clusters After Cold Spell

作　　者：葛航 李晓颖[1] 王志轩 朱启轩 陈俊伟[1] 徐红霞[1] GE Hang;LI Xiaoying;WANG Zhixuan;ZHU Qixuan;CHEN Junwei;XU Hongxia(Institute of Horticulture,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;College of Horticulture Science&Technology,Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066600,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所,杭州310021 [2]河北科技师范学院园艺科技学院,河北秦皇岛066600

出　　处：《园艺学报》2024年第12期2895-2912,共18页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LTGN24C150006);浙江省重大协同推广计划项目(2022XTTGGP02);浙江省“十四五”果品新品种选育专项(2021C02066-3)。

摘　　要：以1个枇杷(Eriobotryajaponica)杂交后代群体为材料,利用初春果实膨大期间受冻死亡的幼果与存活幼果在果形上的明显差异,调查了遭受3次寒潮后幼果存活情况,通过计算单株的存活幼果数量(X)、果穗存活幼果平均数(Y)和自定义的存活果穗比例(Z)得到3个数据样本,用于表征群体中单株的抗冻性。样本的峰度、偏度和概率密度分布函数表明,Z较X、Y更接近正态分布,经过Box-Cox变换后Y和Z变量可通过Shapiro-Wilk测验,符合正态分布。进一步利用自定义的变量S评估不同参数取值下Y和Z变量符合正态分布的程度,确定了定义Y和Z变量所用参数的最佳取值。结果表明,参数a(预期产量)=4、参数b(单株果穗数量)=12时,得到的果穗存活幼果平均数(Y)和存活果穗比例(Z)数据样本在最大程度符合正态分布的同时保留了最大的样本容量,此时Y变量对应的Box-Cox变换形式没有实际意义,而Z变量的变换类型恰好为对数变换。结果表明,基于恢复生长法的枇杷幼果抗冻性新指标“存活果穗比例(Z)”可同时体现抗冻性与产量两个维度的信息,且数据获取简单高效,适合大规模枇杷杂交后代抗冻性评价。This study utilized a hybrid offspring population as its experimental material.The survival of young fruits was investigated based on conspicuous differences in fruit size between frozen-injured and surviving young fruits during the fruit enlargement period.The number of survived young fruits per plant(variable X),the average number of survived young fruits per fruit cluster(variable Y),and the percentage of survived fruit clusters(variable Z)were custom-defined and transformed into three data samples.The kurtosis,skewness,and probability density distribution functions of each sample indicated that variable Z exhibited a closer approximation to a normal distribution compared with X or Y.Following Box-Cox transformation,variables Y and Z successfully passed the Shapiro-Wilk test,confirming their adherence to a normal distribution.The optimal values for parameters used in the definitions of Y and Z were determined by introducing the variable S,which assessed the degree to which the data conformed to a normal distribution and maintained a relatively large sample size.The findings revealed that setting parameter a(the expected yield)to 4 and parameter b(the number of fruit clusters)to 12 yielded data samples of the average number of survived fruit clusters(Y)and the percentage of survived fruit clusters(Z)that most closely aligned with a normal distribution while maximizing the sample size.At this juncture,the Box-Cox transformation of the(Y)variable was deemed inconsequential,whereas the transformation of the(Z)variable coincidentally corresponded to a logarithmic transformation.The results of this study suggest that the percentage of survived fruit clusters(Z)can effectively reflect both freezing tolerance and yield,with data acquisition being simple and efficient,thus rendering it suitable for large-scale freezing tolerance evaluation in loquat hybrid offspring.

关 键 词：枇杷 育种 幼果 恢复生长法 抗冻性 评价 正态分布 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学]