γδ T细胞激活机制的研究进展  

The research progress on the activation mechanism ofγδT cells

作　　者：陈耀金 陈志奋 王文卓 张志为 黎权能 朱浩然 沃金 孙国栋[1] Cheng Yaojin;Chen Zhifen;Wang Wenzhuo;Zhang Zhiwei;Li Quanneng;Zhu Haoran;Wo Jin;Sun Guodong(Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;The Fifth Affiliated Hospital(Heyuan Shenhe People′s Hospital),Jinan University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction,Heyuan 517000,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学附属第一医院骨科,广州510630 [2]暨南大学附属第五医院(河源市深河人民医院)省市共建脊柱脊髓功能重建广东省重点实验室,河源517000

出　　处：《中华实验外科杂志》2024年第11期2648-2653,共6页Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82171372);中国博士后科学基金(2022M721346);经方与现代中药融合创新全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(20210901);广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515010521);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目区域联合基金-青年基金项目(2021A1515111217);广东省省企联合基金(2023A1515220117);广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2024347);广东省脊柱脊髓功能重建工程技术与材料重点实验室开放课题(2023B121203001);广东省中医药局科研项目(20232179);广州市科技计划项目资助(202201020055);河源市科技计划重点实验室建设项目(2022003);河源市科技计划社会发展领域科技攻关或成果应用示范项目(2023004)。

摘　　要：γδ T细胞是一类独特的T细胞亚群,不受主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)分子的限制,能够迅速识别外源性病原体和内源性应激诱导的配体,并启动适应性免疫反应。γδ T细胞在免疫防御中发挥重要作用,既能促进炎性反应,又能抑制过度的免疫反应,维持免疫系统的平衡。它们在桥接先天免疫和适应性免疫方面也具有关键作用,通过多种途径介导靶细胞的杀伤,参与感染、癌症和神经系统疾病等多种疾病的免疫调节。目前,对于γδ T细胞的激活机制的理解仍不完全。本文综述了γδ T细胞的分类及其受体结构,重点介绍了几种常见的激活机制,包括磷酸抗原(PAgs)协同嗜乳脂蛋白(BTN)和嗜乳脂蛋白类(BTNL)激活Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞、细胞因子介导的激活途径、抗原依赖的激活途径以及共刺激分子相互作用介导的激活途径。深入研究γδ T细胞的激活机制有助于理解其在免疫反应中的多样功能,为相关疾病的免疫治疗提供理论基础。γδT cells are a unique subset of T cells that do not rely on major histocompatibility complex(MHC)molecules.They can rapidly recognize exogenous pathogens and endogenous stress-induced ligands,initiating adaptive immune responses.γδT cells play a crucial role in immune defense,capable of both promoting inflammatory responses and inhibiting excessive immune reactions to maintain immune system balance.They are also essential in bridging innate and adaptive immunity,mediating the killing of target cells through various pathways,and participating in the immune regulation of multiple diseases,including infections,cancer,and neurological disorders.Currently,the understanding of the activation mechanisms ofγδT cells remains incomplete.This review summarizes the classification and receptor structure ofγδT cells,with a focus on several common activation mechanisms,including phosphoantigen in collaboration with butyrophilin and butyrophilin-like activating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells,cytokine-mediated activation pathways,antigen-dependent activation pathways,and co-stimulatory molecule interaction-mediated activation pathways.In-depth research on the activation mechanisms ofγδT cells will help elucidate their diverse functions in immune responses,providing a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy of related diseases.

关 键 词：ΓΔT细胞 受体激活 单细胞测序技术 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]