考虑极性效应的风机下行雷击风险的定量表征  

Quantitative Characteristics of Downward Lightning Risk Associated with Wind Turbine Considering Polarity Effect

作　　者：边晓燕 吴勇 周歧斌 赵信翔 姜睿娇 吕伟涛[3] BIAN Xiaoyan;WU Yong;ZHOU Qibin;ZHAO Xinxiang;JIANG Ruijiao;LÜWeitao(Electrical Engineering College,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China;School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing,100081,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海200090 [2]上海大学机电工程与自动化学院,上海200444 [3]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2024年第6期73-84,共12页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划基金(编号:Grant 2017YFC1501504);灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(编号:2021LASWB06);上海市科技计划项目资助(编号:21DZ203900)。

摘　　要：准确评估风机的年雷击次数是合理设计和优化风电机组雷击防护系统的前提。但IEC推荐的下行雷击风险评估方法只考虑物体高度的影响,会脱离实际的雷击过程。此外,目前多数防雷研究仅考虑了下行负地闪,缺乏对下行正地闪的分析。文中基于改进的先导随机模型,定量地分析了雷电流幅值、风机高度及叶片旋转对雷击风险的影响,并首次对不同极性下行地闪的发展路径和雷击点分布特征展开了研究。最后,在考虑极性效应下提出了更精确的风机下行雷击风险计算方法。研究结果表明:叶片旋转在雷电流较大或风机较高时对风机截收区域面积的影响不可忽略;下行负地闪分叉多,但其发展路径和雷击点分散性较小,相反,下行正地闪不易分叉,发展路径更曲折分散,雷击点分布范围广;根据验证计算,文中方法计算的结果相比于IEC推荐方法的结果与现场观测数据更吻合。Accurate evaluation of the annual lightning flash number to a wind turbine is the premise of reasonable design and optimization for lightning protection system of wind turbines.But the method to assess the lightning risk of wind turbine recommended by IEC only consider the influence of the object height,which is not associated with the actual lightning attachment process.In addition,most of the lightning protection studies systems are based on downward negative lightning,and is short of analysis of the downward positive lightning.Based on an improved stochastic lightning leader model,the influence of lightning current amplitude,wind turbine height and blade rotation on lightning strike risk is quantitatively analyzed.And then the development and distribution characteristics of positive and negative lightning is firstly discussed in this paper.Finally,a more accurate calculation method of lightning strike risk is proposed considering the polarity effect.The results show that the influence of the blade angles on the lightning risk cannot be ignored when the lightning current is large or the wind turbine is high.Downward negative ground flash has more bifurcation,but its development path and the dispersion of the lightning strike point are small.But downward positive ground flash is difficult to bifurcate,the path is tortuous and scattered,and has a large dispersion.According to the verification calculation,the results calculated in this paper are in better agreement with the field observation data than the results of IEC recommended method.

关 键 词：先导随机模型 风机 雷击风险 下行正地闪 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] TM86