金属凝固组织物理细化方法及其应用  

Application of Physical Refinement Methods in Metal Solidification Process

作　　者：李仁兴[1] 周旭[1] 魏荣祥 李莉娟[1] LI Renxing;ZHOU Xu;WEI Rongxiang;LI Lijuan(Center for Advanced Solidification Technology,Shanghai University,Shanghai 201900)

机构地区：[1]上海大学先进凝固技术中心,上海201900

出　　处：《特种铸造及有色合金》2024年第12期1635-1649,共15页Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(52130109)。

摘　　要：由于具有不污染金属熔体和不改变金属材料成分的优势,物理细化方法成为改善金属凝固组织和提高冶金产品性能的重要调控手段。随着对金属材料洁净度要求的提高,添加生核剂等化学细化方法在越来越多的领域将受到限制,而物理细化方法必将得到更加广泛的应用。物理细化方法可以分为接触类和非接触类两大类。接触类主要有机械搅拌、超声波、脉冲电流等。非接触类主要有电磁搅拌、机械振动、脉冲磁场和脉冲磁致振荡等。从细化机理、发展过程及工业应用等方面对典型的金属凝固组织物理细化方法进行阐述,并展望了物理细化方法未来发展趋势。Physical refining method has become an important way to improve the solidification structure of metal and the performance of metallurgical products due to the advantages of non-pollution of melt and keeping the matrix composition of materials.With the demanding requirements for the cleanliness,chemical refining methods such as adding nucleation agents will be limited in various fields,and physical refining methods are widely used.Physical refinement methods can be divided into two categories:Contact and non-contact.The contact type mainly includes mechanical stirring,ultrasonic wave,pulse current and so on,while non-contact type mainly includes electromagnetic stirring,mechanical vibration,pulsed magnetic field and pulsed magnetic oscillation.The typical physical refining methods of metal solidification structure were reviewed in aspect of refining mechanism,development process and industrial application,and future development trend of physical refining methods was prospected.

关 键 词：组织细化 超声波 脉冲电流 电磁搅拌 脉冲磁致振荡 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] G353.11[金属学及工艺—金属材料]