露天采场粉尘扩散规律与降尘处置方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Dust Diffusion Law and Dust Reduction Methods in Open-Pit Stope

作　　者：赵玉琪 胥孝川[1] 曹洋 吕蒙 顾晓薇[1] 朱振国 ZHAO Yuqi;XU Xiaochuan;CAO Yang;LYU Meng;GU Xiaowei;ZHU Zhenguo(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110819,China;Ansteel Group Mining Corportion Limited,Anshan,Liaoning 114001,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳1110819 [2]鞍钢集团矿业有限公司,辽宁鞍山市114001

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2024年第12期152-161,共10页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074061,51974060);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(N2201009);辽宁省基本科研面上资助项目(JYTMS20230616);沈阳市科技计划专项项目(22322302)。

摘　　要：露天矿生产过程中产生的粉尘不仅造成区域局部能见度低,而且影响工人身体健康、植被正常生长,同时对矿山设备造成额外磨损,降低矿山生产效率。研究表明,由于露天采场气象条件和地质环境对粉尘的聚集及扩散迁移影响复杂,尤其是气流和湿度因素,大幅改变了粉尘扩散的规律,导致定量描述粉尘迁移扩散全过程困难;同时,露天采场监测方面缺少智能化、一体化粉尘监测与降尘系统,虽然采场粉尘数据的监测与分析已比较成熟,但监测数据和分析结果没有用于指导降尘技术,现阶段的降尘措施仍达不到智能化的程度;再者,粉尘治理成本高、部分降尘措施存在二次污染,造成矿山的粉尘污染问题没有得到根本解决,污染现象依然长期存在。The dust produced in the production process of open-pit mines not only causes low visibility in the local area, but also affects the health of workers and the normal growth of vegetation. At the same time, it causes additional wear to mining equipment and reduces production efficiency of the mine. The results show that due to the complex influence of meteorological conditions and geological environment on dust accumulation and diffusion and migration in open pit, especially the factors of airflow and humidity, the law of dust diffusion is greatly changed, which makes it difficult to quantitatively describe the whole process of dust migration and diffusion. At the same time, there is a lack of intelligent and integrated dust monitoring and dust reduction system in the monitoring of open pit. Although the monitoring and analysis of dust data in the stope has been relatively mature, the monitoring data and analysis results have not been used to guide the dust reduction technology, and the dust reduction measures at this stage still cannot reach the level of intelligence. Furthermore, the high cost of dust control and the secondary pollution of some dust reduction measures have caused the problem of dust pollution in the mine to be not fundamentally solved, and the pollution phenomenon still exists for a long time.

关 键 词：露天矿 粉尘 产尘机理 扩散规律 降尘技术 

分 类 号：TD714[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]