商标权与在先权利的冲突与解决路径——以姓名权的利益结构为视角  

The Conflict Between Trademark Right and Prior Right and Its Resolution——From the Perspective of Interest Structure of Name Right

作　　者：阿依加马丽·苏皮[1] 王绍清 Ayijiamai Sopi;WANG Shao-qing(Law School,Xinjiang University of Finance&Economics,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆财经大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期80-87,共8页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人格权财产利益保护研究”(20BFX106)。

摘　　要：判断争议商标是否侵犯了自然人的在先姓名权是解决姓名权与商标权冲突案件问题之所在。既有理论从姓名与自然人之间是否具有“唯一对应关系”或“具有稳定联系”的角度对此进行区分。从本质上看,姓名权与商标权之间的冲突实为商标对姓名财产利益的侵犯,“唯一对应关系”或“具有稳定联系”实为姓名权的财产利益的体现,能够主张在先姓名权的姓名实为具有现实性财产利益的姓名。姓名财产利益具有衍生性、或然性、潜在性,与知名度密切相关。虽然《民法典》确认姓名之上的财产利益,但自然人姓名的财产利益于现实之中仍然会因其姓名知名度的不同而产生差异。所以,要确定诉争商标是否侵犯了自然人的在先姓名权,可依据该姓名是否具有财产利益,并结合知名度或影响力等因素进行综合判断。Assessing whether a disputed trademark infringes on a natural person’s prior name right is central to addressing the conflict between name right and trademark right.Existing theoretical frameworks distinguish this based on whether there is a“unique correspondence”or a“stable connection”between the name and the natural person.Essentially,the conflict between name right and trademark right is actually trademark’s infringement of name’s property interests,and the“unique correspondence”or“stable connection”serves as a manifestation of property interests of name right,indicating that the name that can claim the prior name right is,in fact,one that holds tangible property interests.Property interests of a name are characterized by derivative,contingent,and latent qualities,which are intrinsically linked to its popularity.While the Civil Code confirms property interests inherent in a name,the actual property interests of a natural person’s name can still vary in reality due to different popularity of the name.Therefore,in determining whether a disputed trademark infringes on the prior name right of a natural person,a comprehensive judgment can be made based on the presence of property interests and factors such as popularity and influence of the name.

关 键 词：姓名权 商标权 人格权财产利益 在先权利 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]