绿色调控对轻度镉污染地花生光合特性、产量及籽仁镉含量的影响  

Effects of Lime and Leaf Surface Inhibitor on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Peanut in Light Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

作　　者：禹晨晏 高晴 向雪林 朱丹青 徐国凤 汪柏丞 曾宁波[1] 李林[1] 刘登望[1] YU Chen-yan;GAO Qing;XIANG Xuelin;ZHU Dan-qing;XU Guo-feng;WANG Bo-cheng;ZENG Ning-bo;LI Lin;LIU Deng-wang(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/Changsha Branch of National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center/Hunan Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center/Institute of Upland Crops,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/国家花生工程技术研究中心长沙分中心/湖南省花生工程技术研究中心/湖南农业大学旱地作物研究所,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《花生学报》2024年第4期37-47,共11页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(ZFJH202310-2);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);湖南省现代农业产业技术体系;湖南省重点研发计划(2021NK2005)。

摘　　要：为探究轻度镉污染地花生绿色栽培技术,本试验采用石灰和叶面阻控剂作为调控措施,研究其对花生光合特性、产量及籽仁镉含量的影响。以湘花2008品种为材料进行大田试验,设对照和5个处理:基施石灰2 250 kg/hm^(2)(L),喷施叶面阻控剂1(L1),喷施叶面阻控剂2(L2),石灰+叶面阻控剂1配施(L+L1),石灰+叶面阻控剂2配施(L+L2)。在花生主要生育时期测定光合参数、荧光参数、叶绿素含量,饱果期测定产量及籽仁镉含量。结果表明:(1)光合参数:基施石灰、叶面阻控剂1及其配施处理在花针期和结荚期均能增强花生光合性能(P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s)上升),而饱果期下降;叶面阻控剂2及其配施处理在花针期光合参数(P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s))低于对照,结荚期略有回升。各处理C_(i)在结荚期、饱果期均低于对照。(2)荧光参数:基施石灰、叶面阻控剂1的F_(o)、F_(m)各时期整体较对照升高,F_(v)、F_(v)/F_(o)、F_(v)/F_(m)在结荚期、饱果期高于对照;叶面阻控剂1配施处理各参数在苗期、饱果期较对照升高;叶面阻控剂2及其配施处理的F_(m)、F_(v)、F_(v)/F_(o)、F_(v)/F_(m)在苗期、花针期、饱果期均较对照降低。(3)各处理SPAD值除结荚期外均高于对照,但差异不显著。(4)荚果产量:基施石灰、叶面阻控剂1及其配施处理能增加花生产量,叶面阻控剂2及其配施处理较对照减产。(5)相关性分析表明:花针期P_(n)、G_(s)、C_(i)及饱果期F_(v)/F_(o)、F_(v)/F_(m)与产量呈显著正相关。(6)籽仁镉含量:对照及各处理籽仁镉含量均达到国家绿色食品标准,各处理均能降低花生籽仁镉含量。综上,基施石灰、喷施叶面阻控剂1及其配施处理能优化植株光合性能、降低籽仁镉含量、增加花生产量,可以作为轻度镉污染地花生绿色调控措施,尤以基施石灰效果最佳。To explore the green cultivation technology of peanut in mildly cadmium polluted land,lime and leaf surface inhibitor were used as control measures to study their effects on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and cadmium content of peanut seeds.The field test was carried out with peanut variety Xianghua2008 as the material,and a control and 5 treatments were set as following:2,250 kg/ha lime base(L),spray foliar surface control agent 1(L1),spray foliar surface control agent 2(L2),combined application of lime+foliar surface control agent 1(L+L1),combined application of lime+foliar surface control agent 2(L+L2).The photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of peanut were determined in the main growth stages,and the yield and cadmium content of peanut kernel were determined in the pod-filling stage.The results showed as following:(1)Photosynthetic parameters:basal application of lime,leaf surface inhibitor 1 and their combined application could enhance the photosynthetic performance of peanut(P_(n),T_(r) and G_(s) increased)at flowering-pegging and pod-bearing stage,but decreased at pod-filling stage;The photosynthetic parameters(P_(n),T_(r),G_(s))of leaf surface inhibitor 2 and its combination treatment were lower than those of control at flowering-pegging stage,but increased slightly at pod-bearing stage.C_(i) of each treatment was lower than that of control at pod-bearing stage and pod-filling stage.(2)Fluorescence parameters:the F_(o) and F_(m)levels of base lime and leaf surface inhibitor 1 were higher than those of the control,and F_(v),F_(v)/F_(o) and F_(v)/F_(m)levels were higher than those of the control at pod-bearing stage and pod-filling stage.The parameters of foliar control agent 1 were higher in seedling stage and pod-filling stage than that of control.The F_m,F_(v),F_(v)/F_(o) and F_(v)/F_(m)of foliar control agent 2 and its combination treatment were lower than the control at seedling stage,flowering-pegging stage and pod-filling stage.(3)The SPAD value of all treat

关 键 词：花生 石灰 叶面阻控剂 光合特性 荧光特性 镉污染 产量 

分 类 号：S565.206.1[农业科学—作物学] S311