功能微生物对土壤理化性质及花生产量与品质的影响  

Effect of Functional Microorganism on Soil Physical-Chemical Properties and Peanut Yield-Quality

作　　者：司贤宗[1] 张翔[1] 索炎炎[1] 李亮[1] 李倩 闫萌 周彦忠 李飞 李南 王旭浩 SI Xian-zong;ZHANG Xiang;SUO Yan-yan;LI Liang;LI Qian;YAN Meng;ZHOU Yan-zhong;LI Fei;LI Nan;WANG Xu-hao(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resource and Environment,Henan Academyof Agr.Sci.,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luohe 462000,China;Sui ping Agriculture Technology Extension Station,Suiping 463100,China;Zhumadian Academyof Agr.Sci,Zhumadian 463600,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]漯河市农业科学院,河南漯河462000 [3]遂平县农业技术推广站,河南遂平463100 [4]驻马店市农业科学院,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《花生学报》2024年第4期58-65,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系养分管理岗位(CARS-13);河南省花生产业技术体系高产栽培岗位(HARS-22-05-G2);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2022HENZDB02);河南省农业科学院创新团队(2023TD09)。

摘　　要：采用大田随机区组设计试验,研究了施用哈茨木霉菌、淡紫拟青霉菌、米曲霉3种真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌2种细菌对土壤理化性质及花生产量与品质的影响,旨在为砂姜黑土区夏花生合理施用微生物菌肥及发挥土壤生物肥力提供科学依据。结果表明:施用功能微生物能够提升0~20 cm土壤pH并增加碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌的含量;提高花生饱果质量、出仁率、百果质量,降低秕果质量;增加花生仁中总糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白的含量和人体必需氨基酸含量;花生仁中油酸、花生酸含量分别平均增加0.96和0.19个百分点,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、山嵛酸含量分别平均减少0.16、0.16、0.04和0.40个百分点;施用功能微生物的花生荚果产量增加252.5~480.4 kg/hm^(2),增产5.1%~9.6%,其中,施用真菌微生物比施用细菌的花生荚果产量平均增加153.9 kg/hm^(2),增产3.0%。本试验条件下,在氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)施用量分别为120、90、120 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,施用哈茨木霉菌75 kg/hm^(2)的花生荚果产量最高,为5 464.2 kg/hm^(2),推荐在夏花生主产区推广应用。In order to provide scientific basis for rational application of microbial fertilizer and play the role of biological fertility on summer peanut in Shajiang black soil area,effects of three fungi(Trichoderma harcii,Paecilomyces lilacinus,Aspergillus oryzae)and two bacteria(Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis)on soil physical-chemical properties and peanut yield-quality were studied by field experiment with randomized block design.The results showed that,the application of functional microorganism could increase soil pH,the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen(ALHN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),available zinc(AZ)in 0-20 cm soil,increase full-pod mass,kernel rate and 100-pod mass of peanut,decrease blight-pod mass,increase the contents of total sugar,crude fat and crude protein in peanut kernel,essential amino acids for human body,and the contents of oleic acid and arachidonic acid in peanut kernel were increased by 0.96 and 0.19 percentage points on average,respectively,palmitic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid and behenic acid decreased by 0.16,0.16,0.04 and 0.40 percentage points on average,respectively,pod yield of peanut increased by 252.5-480.4 kg/ha and 5.1%-9.6%,respectively.Compared with application of bacterial fertilizer,pod yield of application of fungi increased by 153.9 kg/ha and 3.0%on average,respectively.In our experimental condition,based on N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O applying amount of 120,90 and 120 kg/ha,pod yield of peanut with application of Trichoderma harzianum fertilizer at 75 kg/ha was the highest,which was 5464.2 kg/ha,it should be recommended in main production area of summer peanut.

关 键 词：花生 功能微生物 土壤理化性质 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.206.1[农业科学—作物学] S156.2