长江中下游地区涝旱胁迫对花生根系垂直分布特征的影响  

The Impact of Waterlogging and Drought Stresses on the Distribution Characteristics of Peanut Roots in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Region

作　　者：刘翠平 郭利平 陈秀龙 李建军[1,2] 曹建祖 夏志明 LIU Cui-ping;GUO Li-ping;CHEN Xiu-long;LI Jian-jun;CAO Jian-zu;XIA Zhi-ming(Key Lab.of National Forestry and Grassland Ad m inistration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab.of Silviculture,Nanchang 330045,China;College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Lab.of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学林学院/江西省森林培育重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西农业大学国土与资源环境学院/江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《花生学报》2024年第4期77-87,109,共12页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41905104);江西农业大学大学生创新创业训练项目(LXYDC-2022-04,202210410151)。

摘　　要：本研究以“中花8号”花生品种为试验材料,在温室中开展土柱涝旱胁迫模拟试验。试验在花生3个生育期(花针期、结荚期和饱果期),设置3种土壤水分状态(涝胁迫、正常水分和轻旱胁迫),设计对照(CK)、结荚期旱胁迫(D1)、花针期涝—结荚期旱(D2)、饱果期旱胁迫(W1)、花针期涝—饱果期旱(W2)、结荚期涝—饱果期旱(W3)共6个处理,探讨涝旱胁迫模式对长江中下游地区花生根系垂直分布特征的影响。结果表明:(1)D1显著降低了花生根系表面积和体积(P<0.05),而W3则显著减少了根系质量和长度(P<0.05)。在0~10 cm土层内,根系的质量、长度、面积、体积、直径和根长密度均显著高于其他土层(P<0.05)。(2)根系生态位指数(root ecological niche index,RENI)与根系各参数相关性均较高(R^(2)范围0.88~1.00),可综合反映根系生长状况;且41.5%~57.6%的根系分布在0~10 cm土层,属表层聚积生态位型,76.6%~81.7%的根系分布在0~40 cm土层。(3)D1和W1降低了RENI数值,降幅分别是72.6%和50.8%,轻旱胁迫抑制了根系生长。(4)D2和W2的RENI数值较D1和W1分别增加了144.7%和77.7%,花针期涝胁迫对后续结荚期和饱果期旱胁迫根系的生长具有一定的补偿效应;而W3的RENI数值较W1减少了34.6%,结荚期淹涝加剧了饱果期干旱对根系的抑制效应。研究结果为长江中下游地区花生应对频发的旱涝灾害提供了理论支撑。Peanut variety Zhonghua8 was used in this study as the experimental material,and a soil column simulation experiment under greenhouse condition was conducted to simulate the waterlogging and drought stresses.Three growth stages of peanut(flowering-pegging,pod-bearing,and pod-filling stages)were covered,and three soil moisture conditions(waterlogging stress,normal moisture,and mild drought stress)were set in the experiment.To investigate the effects of combined waterlogging and drought stress patterns on the vertical distribution of peanut roots in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region,six treatments were designed as:Control(CK),drought stress at the pod-bearing stage(D1),waterlogging at the flowering-pegging stage followed by drought at the pod-bearing stage(D2),drought stress at the pod-filling stage(W1),waterlogging at the flowering-pegging stage followed by drought at the pod-filling stage(W2),and waterlogging at the pod-bearing stage followed by drought at the pod-filling stage(W3).The results showed that:(1)D1 significantly reduced root surface area and volume(P<0.05),while W3 significantly reduced root mass and length(P<0.05).In the 0-10 cm soil layer,root mass,length,area,volume,diameter,and root length density were significantly higher than in other layers.(2)The root ecological niche index(RENI)was highly correlated with various root parameters(R^(2) ranging from 0.88 to 1.00),with the RENI in the 0-10 cm soil layer accounting for 41.5%-57.6%of the total root system distribution,and 76.6%-81.7%of the roots concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer.(3)D1 and W1 significantly reduced RENI values(P<0.05),with reductions of 72.6%and 50.8%,respectively,indicating that mild drought stress alone inhibited root growth.(4)The RENI values of D2 and W2 increased by 144.7%and 77.7%,respectively,compared to D1 and W1,indicating that waterlogging stress during the flowering-pegging stage had a compensatory effect on root growth under subsequent drought stress in the pod-bearing and pod-filling stages.H

关 键 词：花生 涝旱胁迫 根系分布 根系生态位指数 土壤基质势 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] S565.201[农业科学—作物学]