龙骨炮制方法变迁及质量控制研究进展  

Research Progress in Processing Methods and Quality Control of Draconis Os

作　　者：潘艳琼 刘政 马瑜璐 房方[1,2,4] 钱喜龙 周柳[1,2,4] 张颖 郑丽文 刘圣金 PAN Yan-qiong;LIU Zheng;MA Yu-lu;FANG Fang;QIAN Xi-long;ZHOU Liu;ZHANG Ying;ZHENG Li-wen;LIU Sheng-jin(State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture,Nanjing 210000,China;College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China;Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Nanjing 210023,China;Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]中药制药过程控制与智能制造技术全国重点实验室,江苏南京210000 [2]南京中医药大学药学院,江苏南京210023 [3]泰康仙林鼓楼医院,江苏南京210023 [4]江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心,江苏南京210023 [5]南京市中西医结合医院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2024年第12期2179-2188,共10页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(24KJA360006);国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(zyyzdxk-2023083);教育部科技委战略研究项目(2021);全国第四次中药资源普查矿物药资源普查项目(GZY-KJS-2018-004);中国中医科学院项目(20220088)。

摘　　要：龙骨为我国中医临床常用的化石类矿物药,具有镇心安神、平肝潜阳、固涩、收敛的功效。以朝代-古籍-炮制方法为节点,以各节点度值进行拓扑分析并排列,构建龙骨炮制方法沿革网络,东晋至清代不同历史时期龙骨的炮制方法有所差异,主要有捣碎、研末、水飞、炒、烧、煅、淬、浸、煮、蒸等,所用的辅料有酒、醋、盐、黑豆、童便等。记载龙骨炮制方法的古代本草集中于宋代、明代、清代;类似现代明煅法的烧、煅法记载较多,为古代龙骨炮制的主流方法,以醋、酒、盐、酥油、黑豆、童便等为辅料的炮制方法逐渐被淘汰。龙骨的质量控制标准主要包括性状鉴别和理化鉴别,部分地方标准中有钙含量测定和有害物质、杂质、水分的限量要求。目前,龙骨的研究多集中于含有龙骨的复方或方剂的整体研究,在炮制方法、质量控制与分析、安全性、资源可持续利用等方面的研究较少。对龙骨的炮制方法、质量控制与分析技术进行综述,分析龙骨临床应用存在的问题,提出后期研究展望,以期为龙骨的质量控制与可持续利用提供参考。Draconis Os is a commonly used mineral Chinese medicine,known for its effects of tranquilizing mind,pacifying liver and subduing yang,astringing,and consolidating.With dynasty-ancient medical book-processing method as nodes,a topological analysis was conducted with the nodes ranked based on the degree to build a network that delineated the historical evolution of the processing methods for Draconis Os.The processing methods of Draconis Os varied across different historical periods from the Eastern Jin dynasty to the Qing dynasty.The main methods included crushing,grinding,grinding in water,stir-frying,burning,calcining,quenching,soaking,boiling,and steaming,with auxiliary materials such as wine,vinegar,salt,black beans,and children′s urine.The ancient medical books recording the processing methods of Draconis Os were mainly written in the Song,Ming,and Qing dynasties.The methods of burning and calcining,similar to calcinating in the air,had the most records and were the main methods of Draconis Os processing in ancient times.The processing methods with vinegar,wine,salt,butter,black beans,and children′s urine were gradually phased out.The quality control standards for Draconis Os mainly include morphological identification and physicochemical identification,and some local standards included the determination of calcium content and the requirements for the limits of harmful substances,impurities,and moisture.The available studies on Draconis Os mostly focused on the overall study of formulas or prescriptions containing Draconis Os,and few researchers concerned the processing methods,quality control and analysis,safety,and sustainable utilization of resources.This article reviews the processing methods,quality control,and analytical techniques of Draconis Os,analyzes the existing problems in the clinical application of Draconis Os,and finally proposes suggestions for future research,aiming to provide a reference for the quality control,in-depth research,and sustainable utilization of Draconis Os.

关 键 词：矿物药 龙骨 炮制 质量 资源利用 

分 类 号：R282.76[医药卫生—中药学]