边坡格构内新型植被水泥土抗侵蚀模型试验研究  

Anti-erosion Model Test Study on New Type of Vegetation-growing Cement Soil Filled in Slope Lattices

作　　者：付涛 何廷全 周成[1] 曾红艳[1] 陈群[1] FU Tao;HE Ting-quan;ZHOU Cheng;ZENG Hong-yan;CHEN Qun(College of Water Resource and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065,China;Guangxi Xinfazhan Communication Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangxi Beibu Gulf Investment Group,Nanning,Guangxi 530029,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065 [2]广西北部湾投资集团广西新发展交通集团有限公司,广西南宁530029

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2024年第12期97-107,共11页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2340227,U22A20602);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2600100)。

摘　　要：为探究边坡格构内的填土类型和植被覆盖对水土保持效果的影响,并促进工程弃土的集约化利用,开展了在不同降雨强度、不同边坡坡度和不同填土层类型(纯弃土层、弃土层+植株孔植被覆盖、水泥土层、水泥土层+植株孔植被覆盖)条件下的降雨模型试验。分析了各类填土层的径流、侵蚀和降雨入渗规律,探究了植被的降雨截留和填土表层水泥固化作用对控制土壤侵蚀、增强土体抗冲性的贡献。结果表明:降雨强度对纯弃土层的径流率和侵蚀模数的影响比坡度大;随着降雨强度和边坡坡度的增加,纯弃土层的降雨入渗速率都呈先增加后减小的趋势;对比纯弃土层,固化土层的径流和侵蚀过程更加稳定,表层固化减缓雨水入渗的作用比植被覆盖更为显著;纯弃土层中的植被密集时,植被茎叶的降雨截流作用相对占优;固化土层中的植被密集时,植株孔促进消纳坡面径流的作用相对占优;对比纯弃土层,采用表层固化联合植被覆盖的新型植被水泥土技术进行植被恢复时,土层侵蚀量的减少幅度可达98%以上。边坡格构内新型植被水泥土有良好的水土保持效果,可用于岩质边坡和石漠化边坡的水土流失治理。To explore the effect of filling type and vegetation cover on soil and water conservation for slope lattices,and to promote the intensive use of engineering disposal soil,the rainfall model tests were carried out with different rainfall intensities,slope gradients,and filling types,i.e.,pure disposal soil layer,disposal soil layer+vegetation cover,cemented soil layer,cemented soil layer+vegetation cover.The runoff,erosion,and rainfall infiltration rule of various filling layers were analyzed.The contribution of vegetation rainfall interception and filling top layer cement solidification to controlling soil erosion and enhancing soil anti-scour were studied.The result indicates that the influence of rainfall intensity on runoff rate and erosion modulus is greater than the slope gradient.The rainfall infiltration rate of pure disposal soil layer tends to increase and then decrease with the increases of both rainfall intensity and slope gradient.Compared with the pure disposal soil layer,the runoff and erosion process are more stable at the solidified soil layer,and the effect of surface curing in mitigating rainwater infiltration is more significant than that of vegetation cover.The rainfall interception effect of vegetation stems and leaves is relatively dominant when vegetation is dense at the pure disposal soil layer.The role of plant pores in promoting slope runoff infiltration is relatively dominant when vegetation is dense at the solidified soil layer.Compared with the pure disposal soil layer,the soil erosion can be reduced by more than 98%after vegetation restoration by using the new type of vegetation-growing cement soil technology.The new type of vegetation-growing cement soil for slope lattices has good soil and water conservation characteristics,which can be used for conservation of rock slopes and rock desertification slopes.

关 键 词：道路工程 边坡植被恢复 抗侵蚀 植被水泥土 格构护坡 

分 类 号：U416.14[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]