microRNA与作物的农艺性状  

The Role of microRNAs in Agronomic Traits of Crops

作　　者：张亦心 王翔 鲁玉柱[1] ZHANG Yi-Xin;WANG Xiang;LU Yu-Zhu(College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2024年第12期1691-1697,共7页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

摘　　要：microRNA是真核生物体内一类重要的、具有调节作用的小分子RNA。植物microRNA对植物的生长、发育及环境应答等均有重要调控作用。尽管已有一些植物microRNA的综述,但鲜有文章突出总结microRNA调控作物农艺性状的相关成果。本文重点总结了microRNA对作物农艺性状方面调控的研究进展,microRNA能够影响包括漆酶、抗氧化酶、DELLA蛋白、胁迫耐受蛋白、生长素响应因子、增殖细胞因子等在内的多种酶、功能蛋白质以及转录因子的表达水平,也调控作物体内如木质素、赤霉素、脯氨酸、谷胱甘肽等重要生物活性物质的含量。通过参与不同的调节机制,microRNA调控作物体内的物质运输与代谢、器官发育以及在各类胁迫下的抗逆性,在作物的形态学、生物量、籽粒产量、营养代谢和逆境应答等方面均发挥重要作用。最后本文探讨了这些microRNA在农业生产应用中的巨大潜力,为未来作物改良与育种工作提出可行的策略与方向。microRNA is a class of important,regulatory and small RNA in eukaryotes.Plant microRNAs play key roles in regulating growth and development as well as responses to the environment.Although some reviews about plant microRNA have been published,few of them address how microRNAs regulate agronomic traits of crops.Here we review how microRNA can affect the expression levels of various enzymes,functional proteins and transcription factors,including laccase,antioxidant enzymes,DELLA proteins,stress tolerance proteins,auxin response factors,proliferative cytokines,etc.,and also regulate important bioactive substances such as lignin,erythromycin,proline and glutathione in crops.Through distinct mechanisms,microRNAs modulate material transport and metabolism,organ development,and stress resistance of crops under various stresses,and play an important role in the crop morphology,biomass,grain yield,nutrient metabolism,and stress response,etc.Finally,we discuss the potential of these microRNAs in agricultural production,and propose feasible strategies and directions for future crop improvement and breeding.

关 键 词：微RNA 作物 农艺性状 逆境应答 

分 类 号：Q71[生物学—分子生物学]