火力电厂大规模全流程CCUS技术研究进展与前瞻  

Research progress and prospects of large-scale full process CCUS technology in power plants

作　　者：桑树勋[1,2,3] 滕卫卫[4] 刘世奇[1,2] 樊玉新[4] 陆诗建 李鑫钢[5] 漆志文 徐钢[7] SANG Shuxun;TENG Weiwei;LIU Shiqi;FAN Yuxin;LU Shijian;LI Xingang;QI Zhiwen;XU Gang(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization//China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221008,China;Carbon Neutrality Institute,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221008,China;School of Resource and Geoscience,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay,Xinjiang 834099,China;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Chemical Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室·中国矿业大学,江苏省徐州市221008 [2]中国矿业大学碳中和研究院,江苏省徐州市221008 [3]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院 [4]中国石油新疆油田公司 [5]天津大学化工学院 [6]华东理工大学化工学院 [7]华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2024年第12期187-198,共12页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金碳中和专项项目“CO_(2)地质封存潜力与能源资源协同理论方法体系及其应用基础”(编号:42141012);国家重点研发计划项目“区域二氧化碳捕集与封存关键技术研发与示范”(编号:2022YFE0206800);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金重大科技示范项目“苏北地区20万吨级CCUS重大科技示范工程”(编号:BE2022603);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“火力电厂烟气CO_(2)咸水层封存有效性与安全性理论”(编号:2023KYJD1001)。

摘　　要：燃气电厂在未来火力电厂的占比有望加大,但燃煤电厂目前仍然是中国最主要的工业碳排放源之一。为了助力“双碳”目标下的CCUS技术提升及去碳产业发展,聚焦了燃煤电厂大规模高效碳捕集、地质利用与地质封存以及全流程CCUS技术,评述了相关研究进展,预测了可能的技术突破方向。研究结果表明:①中国燃煤电厂碳捕集技术发展迅速,燃煤烟气低浓度CO_(2)吸收剂性能显著提升、大型捕集设备工作效率不断提高、电力系统与CO_(2)捕集系统耦合关系得到重视与强化,但技术瓶颈依然存在,低能耗、低损耗、低成本吸收剂的研发,高通量—低压降塔内件和超大型—紧凑型捕集分离设备的研制,以及大规模碳捕集系统耦合发电系统的优化控制是当务之急;②中国有大规模CO_(2)驱提高油气采收率的长期积累,CO_(2)地质封存理论研究及工程实践均取得显著进展,但大型盆地低渗透储层高效CO_(2)地质利用封存理论与技术尚不能满足规模化工程部署应用的要求,大型盆地多类型封存地质体适配性CO_(2)地质利用封存模式与高效CO_(2)地质利用封存机理、一体化的安全高效CO_(2)地质利用封存技术体系亟待构建;③源汇匹配、技术适配、系统优化是形成燃煤电厂大规模CCUS全流程技术的三大关键机制,燃煤电厂大规模全流程CCUS一体化去碳技术模式、技术集成的科学基础和工艺方法、复杂工程多模块一体化设计与建设运维技术等亟待创新发展。Coal-fired power plants are currently identified as a major source of industrial carbon emissions in China,while the proportion of carbon emissions from gas-fired power plants in thermal power plants is expected to increase in the future.In order to improve the carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology and to develop decarbonization industry under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,large-scale and efficient capture technology and the geological utilization and storage technology aspects for coal-fired power plants,as well as full flowsheet CCUS technology were focused on,and significant research advancements are cataloged systematically,while potential breakthrough directions for the large-scale full flowsheet CCUS technology of power plants are analyzed and forecasted.The following results are as follows,(1)The carbon capture technology for coal-fired power plants in China is rapidly developing.The absorption performance of low-concentration CO_(2)in coal flue gas has significantly improved,the efficiency of large-scale capture equipment continues to improve,and the coupling relationship between the power system and CO_(2)capture system has been emphasized.However,the technological bottlenecks remain prominent.Therefore,developing low-energy,low-consumption,low-cost absorbents,high-throughput and low-pressure drop tower internals,and ultra-large-scale-compact capture separation equipment,as well as optimizing control of large-scale carbon capture systems coupled with power systems,are urgent needs.(2)The theoretical research and engineering practice of CO_(2)geological utilization and storage technology has accumulated significant progress based on China′s long-term accumulation of large-scale CO_(2)enhanced oil and gas recovery.However,theories and technologies for efficient CO_(2)geological utilization and storage in large basins with low-permeability reservoirs are still insufficient for the requirements of large-scale engineering deployment.There is an urgent need to construct the

关 键 词：燃煤电厂 大规模全流程CCUS技术 碳捕集 地质利用封存 全流程机制 

分 类 号：TE991[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]