全面抗战时期国民政府的兵工原料生产——以军用钢材和火药为中心  

The Production of Military Raw Materials by the Nationalist Government during the Total War of Resistance:Focusing on Military Steel and Gunpowder

作　　者：高翔 Gao Xiang

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2024年第4期58-73,M0003,M0004,共18页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“全面抗战时期中国军事工业布局调整研究”(24CZS107)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全面抗战爆发后,国民政府由兵工署组织兵工原料厂内迁,在四川建成兵工原料生产基地,并将军用钢材和火药作为生产重点,分别采取具有针对性的发展方略。其中,军用钢材厂在提升炼钢、轧钢能力的基础上,应兵工生产的需要研制合金钢;火药厂则在维持无烟火药生产的同时,尝试研制氯酸钾炸药以填补炸药生产能力的空白。虽然受制于落后的工业条件和科技水平,上述举措无法实现兵工原料的完全自给,但仍促成部分原料的国产化,为大后方兵工业的生产发展和技术进步提供一定支持。Following the outbreak of the Total War of Resistance,the Nationalist Government initiated the relocation of military raw material factories under the direction of the Bureau of Ordnance.This relocation led to the establishment of a military raw materials production base in Sichuan province.The production of military steel and gunpowder was identified as a priority,and targeted development strategies were subsequently implemented.Among these,the military steel plants,in response to the requirements of military production,developed alloy steel and upgraded their steel making and rolling capacities.The gunpowder factories,while continuing to produce smokeless gunpowder,also attempted to develop potassium chlorate-based explosives to enhance the production capacity.Despite the aforementioned measures failing to achieve complete self-sufficiency in raw materials for the arms industry due to the backward industrial conditions and the level of science and technology,they still resulted in the localization of some of the raw materials,thereby providing a limited support for the development of the production and technological advancement of the arms industry in the area behind the frontline.

关 键 词：大后方 兵工署 兵工原料 军用钢材 火药 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] D693[历史地理—中国史] E296.93[政治法律—政治学]