我国羌语支语言的复辅音声母:类型及源流  

Initial Consonant Clusters of the Qiangic Languages in China:Types and Evolution

作　　者：燕海雄 YAN Haixiong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第5期38-48,共11页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“藏缅语言的音节类型及演变共性研究(22BYY174)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：羌语支语言中存在着丰富的复辅音声母,共时类型复杂多样,历时发展循序渐进,在汉藏语言中极具语言类型学价值和历史语言学意义,是探讨汉藏语言音节结构演变的极好材料。在现代羌语支语言中,可以充当前置辅音的音类有塞音、擦音、鼻音、边音以及颤音等,可以充当后置辅音的音类有擦音、颤音、边音以及近音等。复辅音声母有多种来源:有的是古代的遗留;有的在古代形式的基础上进了一步,但现在仍表现为复辅音声母;有的在上述基础上更进一步,现在表现为单辅音声母。复辅音声母和单辅音声母之间互动频繁,主要表现为复辅音声母的简化。这个简化不是一蹴而就的,而是一个逐步演变的动态过程。There are abundant initial consonant clusters in the Qiangic languages, with diverse synchronic types and uneven diachronic development. The initial consonant clusters in the Qiangic branch have great linguistic typological value and historical linguistic significance in Sino-Tibetan languages. They are excellent data for exploring the evolution of syllable structures in the Sino-Tibetan languages. In modern Qiangic languages, the consonants that can serve as pre-initials include the plosives, fricatives, nasals, laterals, trills, etc., while those that can serve as post-initials include the fricatives, trills, laterals, approximants, etc. The initial consonant clusters in modern Qiangic branch have multiple sources. Some are retentions of the ancient initial consonant clusters;some others are later developments from ancient consonant clusters, though still in the form of consonant clusters. Some ancient consonant clusters go even further and evolve into single consonant initials in modern languages. There is a frequent interaction between the initial consonant clusters and single consonant initials, mainly manifested as the simplification of initial consonant clusters. The simplification is not an overnight development, but rather a dynamic process of gradual evolution.

关 键 词：羌语支 单辅音声母 前置辅音 后置辅音 类型 

分 类 号：H274[语言文字—少数民族语言]