怒苏语老姆登话的指示词及其空间范畴  

Demonstratives and Their Spatial Categories in the Laomudeng Dialect of Nusu

作　　者：谭丽亚 陈海宏[2] TAN Liya;CHEN Haihong

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学外国语学院,昆明650224 [2]云南民族大学民族文化学院,昆明650504

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第5期49-61,共13页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“民族交往交流交融视野下滇藏交界区怒族的语言变异研究(24XYY017)”;云南省哲学社会科学规划项目“云南贡山怒族阿怒语调查研究(YB2021093)”;云南省教育厅科学研究基金资助项目“怒江地区‘直过民族’国家通用语言文字推广及提升路径研究(2024J0690)”的成果之一。

摘　　要：指示词一般多为横向的“近—远”二分或“近—中—远”三分,而云南怒苏语老姆登话的指示词既有横向的“近—远—更远”三分,又有纵向的“高—平—低”三分。在语法功能上,怒苏语老姆登话的指示词除了用作指示限定词外,还派生出指示代词的句法功能;部分指示词有单指和多指之分,甚至还和量词同音异义。在实现手段上,怒苏语老姆登话的指示词不仅通过语音屈折手段来表达空间范畴,其内部还通过隐喻或泛化机制表现为一定的空间性级差序列。怒苏语老姆登话繁复的指示词系统与怒族人民所居住的怒江地区的自然环境及其山川走向有密切的指向关系,呈现出一定的空间性、连续性和象似性,有其独特的时空认知背景。The demonstratives in most languages are generally divided along the horizontal dimension into the proximal and distal or into the proximal,medial and distal,while the demonstratives in the Nusu language in Yunnan not only have the horizontal trichotomy of proximal,medial and distal,but also have the vertical three-part high-level-low division.In terms of grammatical functions,the demonstratives of Laomudeng Nusu not only serve as demonstrative determiners,but also have the derived syntactic functions of demonstrative pronouns.Some demonstratives can indicate both singular and plural reference,and are even homonymic with classifiers.In terms of means of realization,the demonstratives of Laomudeng Nusu not only express the spatial category by means of phonological alternation,but also show a certain sequence of spatial difference by means of metaphor or generalization mechanism.The complex demonstrative system of Laomudeng Nusu is closely related to the natural environment of the Nu people as well as the directions of mountains and rivers,showing certain spatiality,continuity and iconicity and having a unique spatio-temporal cognitive background.

关 键 词：怒苏语 老姆登话 指示词 空间范畴 语音屈折 

分 类 号：H263[语言文字—少数民族语言]