《蒙古字韵》的■字母  

The Phags-pa Letter ■ in Mengguziyun

作　　者：麦耘 MAI Yun

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第5期96-105,共10页Minority Languages of China

摘　　要：《蒙古字韵》用八思巴字为元代汉语注音时,经常用到é字母。本文不采用传统的看法,而从统一的视角,梳理出其5种用法:①喉牙音中有韵图三、四等对立者,代表带[+紧]特征的四等介音[j],有别于三等的[i]介音;②代表二等喉牙音开口字中与四等合流的介音,即i;③在三、四等不对立的地方,代表硬腭介音,涵括[j]和[i];④表示后继元音有同化式音变,可理解为变得较“紧”;③表示清声母尤其是送气清声母(及[h]声母)较紧张的色彩。The Phags-pa letter e is regularly used in the transcription of the Yuan dynasty Chinese pronunciations in Mengguziyun(Mong■oltshi'uin in the Phags-pa script).In this paper,we summarize five usages of■within a unified view,and the conclusions are drawn as(1)the letter■stands for the Division IV medial[j]with the feature[+tense],which is distinct from the Division III medial[i],when there is opposition between Division III and Division IV rhymes with velar initials in the Rhyme Table;(2)it stands for the medial[j],where Division II rhymes with unrounded vowels and velar initials converge with those of Division IV;(3)it stands for the palatal medial,irrespective of whether the medial is[i]or[j],when there is no opposition between Divisions III and IV;(4)it indicates subsequent vowel assimilation,which can be understood as increasing in tenseness;and(5)it indicates the tense timbre of the voiceless initials,especially the aspirated voiceless initials(and the initial[h]).

关 键 词：八思巴字母■ 四等介音 二等喉牙音开口 元音同化 紧张性 

分 类 号：H212[语言文字—少数民族语言]