中药水蛭科属分类与物种名称的发展变化  

Research on Family and Genus Classification and Development of Species Names of Chinese Medicine Hirudo

作　　者：王文祎 赵卫涛 孙希 杨金申 杨瑶珺[1] Wang Wenyi;Zhao Weitao;Sun Xi;Yang Jinshen;Yang Yaojun(School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102488,China;Hollzhipharm(Yunnan)Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650199,China;Hollzhipharm(Yuanjiang)Co.,Ltd.,Yuxi 653399,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京102488 [2]华治医药(云南)有限公司,昆明650199 [3]华治医药(元江)有限公司,玉溪653399

出　　处：《中国药事》2024年第12期1447-1452,共6页Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs

摘　　要：目的:旨在通过较为清楚的历史脉络让更多相关学者对水蛭的发展与记录有所了解,并在以后多种场景中更加规范严谨地使用相关中文名称和别称。方法:通过收集建国初期至今与药典收录的3种药用水蛭及其科属相关的国内研究文献,并结合部分更早的外国记载及目前主要共享数据库对几种水蛭的科属归类、物种合并分离以及对应的中文名称和拉丁学名等方面进行梳理与分析。结果:建国后,水蛭自《中华人民共和国药典》1963年版被收录至今,随着学者对水蛭研究的深入,对其分类不断调整,目前对水蛭的科属归类逐渐分化成两种相对独立的使用习惯,并存在中文名称误用等问题。结论:为保证物种来源的准确性、防止研究与使用环节上的歧义,建议药典应通过多种注释加以辅证,正本清源;此外,建议对蛭类的新一轮普查与整理也应作为蛭类研究的重要课题之一。Objective:To enable more relevant scholars to understand the development and record of the species of Hirudo(leeches)through a more clear historical context,and to use relevant Chinese names and nicknames more strictly in various scenarios in the future.Methods:By collecting domestic research literature related to three medicinal leeches included in pharmacopoeia from the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the present day,as well as family and genus,combining with some earlier foreign records and the data of the present main shared database,the family and genus classification of several leeches,species merger and separation,and the corresponding Chinese names and Latin scientific names were sorted and analyzed.Results:Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,Hirudo has been included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China since 1963.With the in-depth research of leeches,the classification of leeches has been adjusted continuously.At present,the family and genus classification of leeches has gradually differentiated into two relatively independent usage habits,and there are some problems such as misuse of Chinese names.Conclusion:In order to ensure the accuracy of the source of species and prevent the ambiguity between research and use,it is suggested that pharmacopoeia should be supplemented by a variety of notes to confirm the original source.In addition,a new round of survey and sorting of leeches should be one of the important topics for leeches research.

关 键 词：水蛭 蚂蟥 科属 分类 物种 

分 类 号：R932[医药卫生—生药学]