野生泰国木耳的生物学特性及驯化栽培  

Biological Characteristics and Domestication Cultivation of Wild Auricularia thailandica

作　　者：敖成策 锁浩南 唐松明 李娥贤[2] 罗宗龙 李树红[2] AO Chengce;SUO Haonan;TANG Songming;LI Exian;LUO Zonglong;LI Shuhong(College of Agriculture and Biological Science,Dali University,Dali 671003,China;Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650223,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理671003 [2]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2024年第6期18-28,34,共12页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：云南省张介驰专家工作站(202205AF150030);食用菌新品种选育及健康种源检测平台建设(202307AB110001)。

摘　　要：结合形态特征和分子系统发育分析,将采自云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州屏边苗族自治县腐木上的野生木耳鉴定为泰国木耳(Auricularia thailandica)。经组织分离获得纯培养菌株,并首次对中国采集的泰国木耳开展固体培养、液体培养和驯化栽培试验。试验结果表明,固体培养时的最适配方为可溶性淀粉20.0 g·L^(-1)、豆饼粉2.0g·L^(-1)、氯化钙3.0 g·L^(-1)、琼脂粉18.0 g·L^(-1),pH为7,培养温度为32℃。液体培养时的最适配方为可溶性淀粉20.0 g·L^(-1)、蛋白胨2.0 g·L^(-1)、磷酸氢二钾3.0 g·L^(-1),pH为6,培养温度为26℃。栽培试验结果显示其原基分化较快,耳片一致性较好,子实体肥厚、耳形规整,产孢面与野生子实体相同,有明显皱褶,有非常大的应用价值,可作为新种质资源开发和利用。Auricularia-like species growing on decaying wood in Pingbian Miao Autonomous County,Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,were identified as Auricularia thailandica based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis.Pure strain was obtained by tissue isolation,and solid-state culture,liquid-state culture,domestication cultivation of this specie collected in China was carried out for the first time.The experimental results showed that under solid-state conditions,the optimal formula was 20.0 g·L~(-1)soluble starch,2.0 g·L~(-1)soybean meal,3.0 g·L~(-1)calcium chloride,18.0 g·L~(-1)agar powder,the pH was 7 and the culture temperature was 32 ℃.Under liquid-state conditions,the optimal formula was 20.0 g·L~(-1)soluble starch,2.0 g·L~(-1)peptone,3.0 g·L~(-1)dipotassium phosphate,the pH was 6 and the culture temperature was 26 ℃.The results of cultivation experiment showed that it's primordium differentiated quickly,the ear segments were consistent,the fruit bodies was thick,the ear shape was regular,and the sporulation surface was the same as the wild fruit bodies,with obvious folds,which had great application value and could be used as new germplasm resources.

关 键 词：泰国木耳 生物学特性 固体培养 液体培养 驯化栽培 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]