秦岭野生木耳菌株的分离鉴定及驯化试验  

Isolation,Identification and Domestication of Wild Auricularia spp.Strains in Qinling Mountains

作　　者：曹建刚 毛仪楠 刘阳 彭建文 陈鹏博 刘长命 CAO Jian'gang;MAO Yi'nan;LIU Yang;PENG Jianwen;CHEN Pengbo;LIU Changming(Shangluo Agricultural Science Research Institute,Shangluo 726000,China;Beikuanping Agriculture and Rural Comprehensive Service Office,Shangluo 726000,China;College of Biomedicine and Food Engineering,Shangluo University,Shangluo 726000,China)

机构地区：[1]商洛市农业科学研究所,陕西商洛726000 [2]商州区北宽坪镇农业农村综合服务站,陕西商洛726000 [3]商洛学院生物医药与食品工程学院,陕西商洛726000

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2024年第6期41-46,共6页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：商洛市农业农村局木耳产业高质量发展项目专项资金(商农发[2021]251号)。

摘　　要：2022至2023年采集到8株秦岭野生木耳菌株,经过组织分离、菌株分子鉴定、进化树分析、驯化出耳试验表明,丹凤野生黑木耳、山阳野生黑木耳、北耳、竹耳、镇耳、商耳6株菌株鉴定为黑木耳;洛耳为短毛木耳;商州区野生木耳为琥珀木耳。8株秦岭野生木耳菌株18S rDNA-ITS基因序列测序结果比对分析发现其基因序列相似度为69.58%,表明8株菌株有一定亲缘关系,但是亲缘关系较远。在NCBI上未发现与竹耳、镇耳遗传距离较近的已登记序列,推测其可能是新菌株。结合8株野生木耳菌株菌丝生长情况、出耳情况及单袋产量结果,商耳和丹凤野生黑木耳早熟、产量高、中等大小、抗逆性强、适应性好、综合表现优良,可以进一步驯化栽培;山阳野生黑木耳和北耳抗逆性弱、适应性差;竹耳子实体小、耳片薄,但是产量高;镇耳后期适应性差,不耐高温,但是颜色深,因此竹耳和镇耳可作为黑木耳杂交选育亲本。8 wild Auricularia auricula strains in Qinling Mountains are collected,isolated and domesticated from 2022 to 2023.Results shows that 6 strains(Danfeng wild A.auricula,Shanyang wild A.auricula,Beier,Zhuer,Zhener,and Shanger) are identified as A.auricula,Luoer is identified as A.villosula.Shangzhou district wild Auricularia spp.is identified as A.Fuscosuccinea.DNAMAN comparison shows the similarity of 18S r DNA-ITS gene sequence of these strains is 69.58%,which indicates that the 8 strains have certain genetic relationship,but the genetic relationship is relatively distant.No registered sequences close to Zhuer and Zhener are found in the NCBI,implying that they may be new strains.From mycelium growth,fruiting emergence and yield of single cultivation bag,Shanger and Danfeng wild A.auricula are precocious,high in yield,medium in size,strong in stress resistance,good in adaptability and excellent in comprehensive performance,and can be further domesticated and cultivated.Shanyang wild A.auricula a nd Beier are eliminated for their weak stress resistance and poor adaptability.Zhuer is small and thin but can reach high yield,Zhener fruit bodies are darker but with poor adaptability in the later fruiting stage and can't resistant to high temperature.Thus,Zhuer and Zhener can be used as parents for hybrid breeding of A.auricula.

关 键 词：野生黑木耳 秦岭 分离鉴定 驯化试验 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]