用于失重条件下下肢骨肌锻炼的仿生黏附鞋及在轨验证  

Bionic adhesive shoes and in-orbit test for lower limb bone muscle exercise under weightless conditions

作　　者：姬科举[1] 李志利[2] 李英泽 姬原鸣 邹朋[2] 周瑞 曲丽娜[2] 王春艳[2] 米涛[2] 袁敏[2] 王林杰[2] 李莹辉[2] 戴振东[1] JI KeJu;LI ZhiLi;LI YingZe;JI YuanMing;ZOU Peng;ZHOU Rui;QU LiNa;WANG ChunYan;MI Tao;YUAN Min;WANG LinJie;LI YingHui;DAI ZhenDong(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bionic Materials and Equipment,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学,仿生材料与装备江苏省高校重点实验室,南京210016 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心,航天医学全国重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第12期2337-2346,共10页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：航天医学实验领域项目(编号:HYZHXM01009);国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:52075249);国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:62233008);航天医学全国重点实验室项目(编号:SMFA22B02)资助。

摘　　要：近地轨道空间站是人类走出地球,进入太空的第一驻留点,也是研究空间环境对人类行为及健康影响的平台.研究表明失重环境对骨骼和肌肉功能维持具有显著负面影响,重力下保持对骨骼和肌肉的力学刺激,是维持其功能的主要手段,但现有在轨锻炼装置不能给下肢屈肌施加足够的刺激.受爬岩鳅、壁虎等动物在固体表面能产生吸附力的启发,本文提出了一种失重环境下航天员下肢屈肌锻炼及防护方法,发明了具有变刚度黏附单元的仿生黏附鞋,并开展了地面和在轨性能验证.仿生黏附鞋在微小的预压力下可稳定附着,通过足底附着力刺激实现踏步中的下肢骨骼肌锻炼.仿壁虎的低模量末端黏附层提高了对表面粗糙度的适应性,仿爬岩鳅的附着结构以多机制协同的方式进一步提高了附着力和稳定性.地基和天基在轨实验表明,该仿生黏附鞋具有低预压、强黏附的接触力学特点,能够实现对下肢骨肌的力刺激,为航天员失重防护提供了一种仿生新技术.The low-earth-orbit space station serves as humanity's foray into the universe exploration and a research platform to study the effects of the space environment on human behavior and health.It is well-documented that weightlessness significantly impairs bone and muscle function and maintenance,with mechanical stimulation under gravity being crucial for maintaining these functions.However,existing in-orbit equipment fails to deliver sufficient stimulation to lower limb flexors.Inspired by animals' adhesion on solid surfaces,especially the structural attachment of the gecko and Beaufortia,we proposed a new method to facilitate the exercise and protection of astronauts' lower limb muscles in a weightless environment.Bionic adhesive shoes with variable stiffness and adhesion units were developed,and ground-based and in-orbit performance tests were performed.The bionic adhesive shoes are designed to securely attach under minimal pre-pressure,enabling the exercise of lower limb muscles during stepping.The design leverages the low modulus of gecko bristles to improve their surface roughness adaptability while also incorporating the adhesive structure observed in Beaufortia to improve adhesion and stability.Ground-based and space-based in-orbit experiments showed that these bionic adhesive shoes exhibit low preload requirements and strong adhesion capabilities,thereby facilitating effective force stimulation of lower limb muscles.This innovative bionic technology represents a significant advancement in the maintenance of astronauts in conditions of weightlessness.

关 键 词：仿生黏附 摩擦 黏附 失重保护 在轨运动 下肢肌肉 

分 类 号：TB17[生物学—生物工程] TS943.7[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程] V445.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]