测土配方施肥对黍子产量和化肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization on Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Broomcorn Millet

作　　者：李静静 郑贵银 刘旺 徐冰 刘猛[1] 李海权[1] 崔纪菡 LI Jing-jing;ZHENG Gui-yin;LIU Wang;XU Bing;LIU Meng;LI Hai-quan;CUI Ji-han(Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Research Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Yu County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Yu County 075700,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院谷子研究所/农业农村部特色杂粮遗传改良与利用重点实验室(部省共建)/河北省杂粮研究重点实验室,河北石家庄050035 [2]蔚县农业农村局,河北蔚县075700

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2024年第5期12-15,32,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HBCT2024070202);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费包干制项目资助“特色杂粮提质增效关键技术创新与示范”(HBNKY-BGZ-02)。

摘　　要：为明确黍子氮磷钾肥需求特征、优化施肥结构减少化肥损失,开展了测土配方施肥方式下的黍子化肥利用率试验。以黍子品种榆黍2号为试材,采用大田试验,施肥方式设不施肥(空白对照,CK)、缺氮施肥(PK)、缺磷施肥(NK)、缺钾施肥(NP)、测土配方施肥(NPK)5个处理,收获后测定子粒产量和茎叶干重,计算谷草比;测定子粒和茎叶的全氮、全磷、全钾含量,计算氮、磷、钾的肥料利用率。结果表明:NPK处理的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为51.27%、47.94%和13.33%;缺素施肥的黍子产量均磷肥>钾肥。测土平衡施用氮磷钾肥对黍子增产效果最好,但目前钾肥利用率偏低。建议生产上配合测土配方施肥,减少化肥施用量,以防土壤污染。In order to clarify the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer demand characteristics of broomcorn millet,optimize the fertilization structure,and reduce fertilizer loss,a soil testing and formula fertilization experiment was conducted to determine the fertilizer utilization efficiency of broomcorn millet.Using the broomcorn millet variety Yushu 2 as the test material,a field experiment was conducted with five fertilization methods:no fertilization(blank control,CK),nitrogen deficiency fertilization(PK),phosphorus deficiency fertilization(NK),potassium deficiency fertilization(NP),and soil testing formula fertilization(NPK).After harvest,the grain yield and stem leaf dry weight were measured,and the grain to straw ratio was calculated.The total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of grains,stems,and leaves were measured,and the fertilizer utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium was calculated.The results showed that the utilization efficencies of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers in NPK treatment were 51.27%,47.94%,and 13.33%,respectively.The yield of broomcorn millet under PK treatment was lower than that in NPK treatment.Except for NP treatment,the other two nutrient deficient fertilization treatments significantly reduced yield,with PK treatment showing significantly lower yield than NK treatment.The order of the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield and stem and leaf dry weight broomcorn millet is nitrogen fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer>potassium fertilizer.The balanced application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in soil testing has the best effect on increasing the yield of broomcorn millet,but the current utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer is relatively low.It is recommended to use soil testing formula in production to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied and prevent soil pollution.

关 键 词：测土配方施肥 黍子 产量 养分吸收量 化肥利用率 

分 类 号：S516[农业科学—作物学]