氮素水平对冬小麦旗叶光合特性和子粒灌浆特性以及产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Level on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaves,Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：王君 黄杰 葛昌斌 曹燕燕 乔冀良 张振永 齐双丽 卢雯瑩 廖平安 WANG Jun;HUANG Jie;GE Chang-bin;CAO Yan-yan;QIAO Ji-liang;ZHANG Zhen-yong;QI Shuang-li;LU Wen-ying;LIAO Ping-an(Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luohe 462300,China)

机构地区：[1]漯河市农业科学院,河南漯河462300

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2024年第5期48-56,共9页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系漯河综合试验站项目(CARS-03);高产多抗优质小麦新品种选育与应用(2022010101);河南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目:高产抗逆小麦品种漯麦906推广示范(Z20231811053)。

摘　　要：研究氮素水平对冬小麦旗叶光合特性、子粒灌浆特性和产量的影响,可以为区域性冬小麦品种选育及高产栽培提供参考依据。在大田条件下,以相同生态区2个市级农业科学院选育的9个冬小麦品种为试验材料,每个品种施氮量均设0(N_(1))、120(N_(2))和240 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3))3个处理,研究了不同氮素水平下小麦旗叶光合特性、子粒灌浆特性和产量的变化;并通过相关性分析,探讨了子粒灌浆特征参数与粒质量,以及旗叶光合特性与子粒产量的关系。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,9个小麦品种的旗叶SPAD值和Pn均逐渐提高,指标值均在N_(3)处理下达到最高;子粒灌浆持续期增加,但不同施氮量处理下其他子粒灌浆特征参数存在一定差异。相关分析结果显示,千粒重与平均灌浆速率(V)和理论最大粒质量(W)呈显著正相关,与最大灌浆速率(V_(max))、有效灌浆持续期(Se)、有效灌浆持续期平均灌浆速率(Vs)的相关系数相对较高,表明优化V、W、V_(max)、Se、Vs等灌浆特征参数值有利于提高小麦子粒质量;子粒产量与旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率均呈显著正相关。增加施氮量可提高冬小麦旗叶的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,延长子粒灌浆持续时间,最终提高子粒产量。Studying the effects of nitrogen levels on the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves,grain filling characteristics and yield of winter wheat can provide reference for regional winter wheat variety breeding and high-yield cultivation.Under field conditions,9 winter wheat varieties selected by two agricultural science academies in the same ecological zone were used as the experimental materials.Three treatments were set for nitrogen application rates of 0(N_(1)),120(N_(2)),and 240 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3))for each variety,and the changes in photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves,grain filling characteristics and yield of wheat under different nitrogen levels were studied.The relationship between grain filling characteristic parameters and grain quality,as well as the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and grain yield were explored through correlation analysis.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the SPAD value and Pn of flag leaves of 9 wheat varieties gradually increased,and the index values reached the highest under N_(3)treatment.The duration of grain filling increased,but there were certain differences in other characteristic parameters of grain filling under different nitrogen application rates.The correlation analysis results showed that the 1000-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with the average grain filling rate(V)and the theoretical maximum grain mass(W),and the correlation coefficients with the maximum grain filling rate(V_(max)),effective grain filling d uration(Se),and average grain filling rate(Vs)during the effective grain filling duration were relatively high.This indicates that optimizing grain filling characteristics parameters such as V,W,V_(max),Se and Vs,etc.is beneficial for improving wheat grain quality.Grain yield is significantly positively correlated with flag leaf SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate.Increasing nitrogen application can improve the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of

关 键 词：小麦 氮素 光合特性 灌浆特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]