我国地理标志与在先地名商标冲突问题的解决思考  

Reflections on the Solution of the Conflict Between Geographical Indications and Prior Place Name Trademarks in China

作　　者：沈二琴 SHEN Erqin(Law School/Intellectual Property School,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院法学院/知识产权院,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《河南科技》2024年第23期117-121,共5页Henan Science and Technology

摘　　要：【目的】探索地理标志与在先地名商标权利冲突的解决路径,化解权利冲突,平衡权利人之间的利益,为地理标志的发展提供良好的法治环境。【方法】分析地名商标相关法律规定、地理标志保护模式的缺陷及实践案例中的冲突现状,明确地理标志与在先地名商标产生权利冲突的原因。【结果】商标法对地名商标的规定及历史立法的因素导致地名商标有多种存在形式,我国地理标志的保护制度又尚未完善,二者冲突难以避免,并且缺少明确细化的冲突解决规则。【结论】基于“时间在先,权利在先”“主观意图”“利益平衡”的原则,提出以专门法为主,商标法为辅的地理标志保护模式,并细化地理标志与在先地名商标冲突的解决规则,限缩地名作为普通商标,采取客观标准来认定地理标志产品受到保护的时间,明确在先地名商标与地理标志共存的条件,从而解决两者的冲突问题。[Purposes]Exploring the resolution path of conflicts between geographical indications and prior place name trademarks can not only resolve rights conflicts and balance the interests of rights holders,but also provide a favorable legal environment for the development of geographical indications.[Methods]By analyzing the legal provisions related to geographical indication trademarks,the shortcomings of geographical indication protection models,and the current conflict situation in practical cases,this paper clarifies the reasons for the conflict of rights between geographical indications and prior geographical indication trademarks.[Findings]The provisions of the trademark law on place name trademarks and the factors of historical legislation have led to a variety of forms of place name trademarks.Since protection system of geographical indications in China is not yet perfect,it is difficult to avoid conflicts between the two,and there is a lack of clear and detailed conflict resolution rules.[Conclusions]Based on the principles of"time first and rights first""subjective intention"and"balance of interests",this paper puts forward a protection mode of geographical indications with a specialized legal protection mode as the main one and trademark law as the auxiliary one.The resolution rules for conflicts between geographical indications and prior place name trademarks are refined,and place names are limited as ordinary trademarks.Objective standards are adopted to determine the time when geographical indication products are protected,and the conditions for the coexistence of prior place name trademarks and geographical indications are clarified,thus solving the conflict between them.

关 键 词：地理标志 地名商标 时间在先原则 主观意图 利益平衡原则 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]