2022—2023年上海市某医院呼吸疾病与皮肤黏膜疾病患者过敏原sIgE检测情况的特征分析  

Analysis of the distribution characteristics of allergen sIgE detection in patients with respiratory and skin mucosal diseases in a hospital in Shanghai City from 2022 to 2023

作　　者：宣彬彬[1] 谭美玉 孙寒晓[1] 陈佳婕 周丽达 张欢欢[1] 姚佳梦 王亚捷 林锦骠[1] 盛慧明[1] Xuan Binbin;Tan Meiyu;Sun Hanxiao;Chen Jiajie;Zhou Lida;Zhang Huanhuan;Yao Jiameng;Wang Yajie;Lin Jinpiao;Sheng Huiming(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Tongren Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai200336,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属同仁医院检验科,上海200336

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2024年第12期1902-1911,共10页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市长宁区卫生健康委员会青年科研项目(2023QN02)。

摘　　要：分析上海地区呼吸及皮肤黏膜疾病患者血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)的分布特征,为过敏性相关的呼吸及皮肤黏膜疾病的防治提供参考依据。采用横断面研究,纳入2022年7月至2023年7月因呼吸疾病或皮肤黏膜症状在上海交通大学医学院附属同仁医院就诊的患者共3822例,其中男性1456例,女性2366例,年龄范围1~97岁,中位年龄(四分位间距)为33(27,44)岁。通过使用免疫印迹法对血清过敏原sIgE进行检测,并采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,各组间计数资料(率)的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果显示,3822例患者有3377例(88.4%)至少有1种过敏原sIgE阳性,其中72.9%(2788/3822)为多重过敏原sIgE阳性。过敏原sIgE总阳性率位于前五位的分别是户尘螨(37.9%,1447/3822)、粉尘螨(32.1%,1225/3822)、牛奶(31.7%,1211/3822)、真菌类(28.3%,1080/3822)和热带无爪螨(23.8%,909/3822),其中只有牛奶为食入性过敏原。而在呼吸疾病组和皮肤黏膜疾病组内部阳性率最高的也是这5种,未因疾病大类有所差异。呼吸疾病组中猫毛皮屑、葎草和刺柏/桦的阳性率明显高于皮肤黏膜疾病组,虾/蟹的阳性率则相比较低(11.3%vs 14.9%,χ^(2)=9.616,P=0.002)。无论是在呼吸疾病组或是皮肤黏膜疾病组,男性户尘螨的过敏原sIgE的阳性率明显高于女性(42.6%vs 35.7%,41.0%vs 34.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.515,P<0.001;χ^(2)=5.143,P=0.023),并且粉尘螨、猫毛皮屑和鸡蛋白这3种过敏原也是这一特征。除此之外,呼吸疾病组中阳性率表现为男性高于女性的过敏原还有牛奶(33.8%vs 30.1%,χ^(2)=3.911,P=0.048)和虾/蟹(13.2%vs 10.0%,χ^(2)=6.423,P=0.014),皮肤黏膜疾病组中则是狗毛皮屑(20.5%vs 14.6%,χ^(2)=6.726,P=0.010)、花生/黄豆(10.5%vs 6.9%,χ^(2)=4.698,P=0.030)表现为该现象。在呼吸疾病组和皮肤黏膜疾病组中均有6种吸入性过敏原(户尘螨、粉尘螨、热带无爪螨、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑和真菌类)以及4种�Analyzing the distribution characteristics of allergen sIgE in the serum of patients with respiratory and skin mucosal diseases in Shanghai City,and to provide epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic respiratory and dermo-mucous diseases in Shanghai City.Adopting cross-sectional research,a total of 3822 patients who received treatment in Tongren Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2022 to July 2023 due to respiratory diseases or skin and dermo-mucous symptoms were included.Among them,there were 1456 males and 2366 females,with an age range of 1-97 years old.The median age(interquartile range)was 33(27,44)years old.The sIgE was detected by using immunoblotting.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software,and the comparison of count data(rates)between groups was conducted usingχ^(2) test.The results showed that a total of 3377(88.4%)cases among 3822 patients were at least one allergen sIgE positive,and 72.9%(2788/3822)of them were multiple allergies sIgE positive.The top five allergen sIgE positive rates were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(37.9%,1447/3822),Dermatophagoides farinae(32.1%,1225/3822),milk(31.7%,1211/3822),fungi(28.3%,1080/3822),and Blomia tropicdis(23.8%,909/3822),with only milk was a kind of food allergen.The highest positive rates within the respiratory system disease group or dermo-mucous disease group were also these five allergens,without any difference in disease categories.The positive rates of cat dandruff,Humulusscandens,and juniper/birch in the respiratory system disease group were significantly higher than those in the skin and mucous membrane disease group,while the positive rates of shrimp/crab were relatively low(11.3%vs 14.9%,χ^(2)=9.616,P=0.002).Whether in the respiratory system disease group or the dermo-mucous disease group,the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in male patients were significantly higher than those of females(42.6%vs 35.7%,41.0%vs 34.4%),with stati

关 键 词：过敏原 特异性免疫球蛋白E 呼吸疾病 免疫印迹法 皮肤黏膜疾病 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]