广东省88所医院变态反应护理专科化发展现状和需求调查  

Current situation and demand for specialized development of allergy nursing in eighty-eight hospitals in Guangdong Province

作　　者：代粲 粟静[2] 徐银铃 陈巧萍[4] 林秀贤[5] 徐燕妮[6] 刘晓莉[7] 陈斯 许玉霞[9] 晏爱珍 胡月云[11] 王丽 颜斐斐[13] 周琪琳[2] Dai Can;Su Jing;Xu Yinling;Chen Qiaoping;Lin Xiuxian;Xu Yanni;Liu Xiaoli;Chen Si;Xu Yuxia;Yan Aizhen;Hu Yueyun;Wang Li;Yan Feifei;Zhou Qilin(Department of Nursing,Shenzhen Eye Hospital,Shenzhen 518040,China;Department of Allergy,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital,Shenzhen 518058,China;Department of Skin and Plastic Surgery,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Pediatrics,Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Foshan 528099,China;Department of Allergy(Allergy and Clinical Immunology),The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510120,China;Department of Respiratory,Shenzhen Children′s Hospital,Shenzhen 518026,China;Nursing Teaching and Research Office,Longhua District People′s Hospital,Shenzhen 518109,China;Department of Otolaryngology,Foshan First People′s Hospital,Foshan 528000,China;Department of Quality Management,Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510095,China;Department of Pediatrics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510530,China;Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Shenzhen University General Hospital,Shenzhen 518071,China;Department of Pediatrics,Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Guangzhou 511442,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市眼科医院护理部,深圳518040 [2]中山大学附属第三医院变态反应(过敏)科,广州510630 [3]香港大学深圳医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,深圳518058 [4]中山大学附属第三医院皮肤与整形美容科,广州510630 [5]佛山市妇幼保健院儿科,佛山528099 [6]广州医科大学附属第一医院变态反应(过敏与临床免疫)科,广州510120 [7]深圳市儿童医院呼吸科,深圳518026 [8]深圳市龙华区人民医院护理教研室,深圳518109 [9]佛山市第一人民医院耳鼻喉科,佛山528000 [10]南方医科大学皮肤病医院质量管理科,广州510095 [11]中山大学附属第三医院儿科,广州510530 [12]深圳大学总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,深圳518071 [13]广东省妇幼保健院儿科,广州511442

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2024年第12期1926-1932,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：调查广东省88所医院变态反应护理专科化发展现状和需求,为变态反应护理在广东省的发展和推广提供数据支持。采用横断面研究设计,依托广东省护士协会变态反应护理分会和广东省医学会变态反应学分会护理学组,于2023年8—12月选取广东省88所医院变态反应护理相关工作的核心管理者为研究对象。基于德菲尔法编制广东省变态反应专科护理现状和需求问卷,并进行线上调研。采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法分析是否设置变态反应专科的医院在专科技术应用现状、护理专科化发展与需求方面的差异。结果显示,在广东省内19个地级市、88所医院中,已设立变态反应专科的有17所医院(19%),且均为三级甲等医院,成立年限[M(Q_(1),Q_(3))]为3(1,10)年。已设置变态反应专科的医院过敏原皮肤点刺开展率(94%,16/17)、过敏原体外检测开展率(82%,14/17)、鼻内镜检查开展率(82%,14/17)、皮下特异性免疫治疗开展率(82%,14/17)、多学科会诊开展率(65%,11/17)、呼出气一氧化氮检测开展率(47%,8/17)、皮肤斑贴试验开展率(41%,7/17)、自体血清皮肤试验开展率(35%,6/17)分别高于未设置变态反应专科医院[59%,42/71(χ^(2)=7.462,P=0.006)]、[54%,38/71(χ^(2)=4.717,P=0.030)]、[51%,36/71(χ^(2)=5.599,P=0.018)]、[34%,24/71(χ^(2)=13.177,P<0.001)]、[24%,17/71(χ^(2)=10.505,P=0.001)]、[24%,17/71(χ^(2)=5.540,P=0.019)]、[11%,8/71(Fisher确切概率法,P=0.008)]、[11%,8/71(Fisher确切概率法,P=0.025)]。在近两年变态反应护理相关的发展规划中,已设置变态反应专科的医院在增加护士(82%,14/17,χ^(2)=13.177,P<0.001)、制定专科护士培训计划(71%,12/17,χ^(2)=3.980,P=0.046)、制定团体标准或临床指南(41%,7/17,Fisher确切概率法,P=0.046)及制定考核标准(53%,9/17,Fisher确切概率法,P=0.002)方面的占比更高。变态反应专科护理知识及技能需求各方面的占比均超过50%且与医院是否设置变态反To investigate the current situation and demand for specialized development of allergy nursing in 88 hospitals in Guangdong Province,as well as to provide evidence for the management of allergy nursing.From August to December 2023,a cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the core managers of allergy nursing-related work in eighty-eight hospitals in Guangdong Province supported by the Allergy Nursing Branch of the Guangdong Nurses Association and the Nursing Group of the Allergy Branch of the Guangdong Medical Association.An online survey was conducted using the Delphi method to compile a questionnaire on the current status and demand for specialized development of allergy nursing in Guangdong Province.Chi-square tests and Fisher′s exact probability method were used to analyze the differences in the current status of specialty technology applications and the development and demand of specialized nursing between hospitals with or without allergy specialty departments.The results showed that among the eighty-eight hospitals in the nineteen prefecture-level cities surveyed in Guangdong Province,17 hospitals(19%)had established allergy specialty departments,all of which were top-tier tertiary hospitals.The establishment duration[M(Q_(1),Q_(3))]was 3(1,10)years.The implementation rates of skin prick test(94%,16/17),in-vitro examination(82%,14/17),nasal endoscopy(82%,14/17),subcutaneous specific immunotherapy(82%,14/17),multidisciplinary consultation(65%,11/17),fractional exhaled nitric oxide detection(47%,8/17),skin patch test(41%,7/17),and autologous serum skin test(35%,6/17)in hospitals with allergy department were higher than those in hospitals without allergy department[59%,42/71(χ^(2)=7.462,P=0.006)],[54%,38/71(χ^(2)=4.717,P=0.030)],[51%,36/71(χ^(2)=5.599,P=0.018)],[34%,24/71(χ^(2)=13.177,P<0.001)],[24%,17/71(χ^(2)=10.505,P=0.001)],[24%,17/71(χ^(2)=5.540,P=0.019)],[11%,8/71(Fisher′s exact test,P=0.008)],[11%,8/71(Fisher′s exact test,P=0.025)].In the development plan of allergy nursing in the ne

关 键 词：变态反应 过敏反应 护理 现状 需求 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]