不同熟期玉米叶片衰老特性及其对叶际细菌的影响  

Senescence Characteristics of Maize Leaves at Different Maturity Stages and Their Effect on Phyllosphere Bacteria

作　　者：杨文丽 李钊 刘志铭[2] 张志华 杨今胜 吕艳杰 王永军[1,2] Wenli Yang;Zhao Li;Zhiming Liu;Zhihua Zhang;Jinsheng Yang;Yanjie Lü;Yongjun Wang(College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;Jilin Plant Genetic Improvement Engineering Laboratory/School of Plant Science,Jilin University,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,长春130033 [3]吉林大学植物科学学院/吉林省植物遗传改良工程实验室,长春130062

出　　处：《植物学报》2024年第6期1024-1040,共17页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划(No.20220508096RC);国家重点研发计划(No.2023YFD2301703);现代农业产业技术体系(No.CARS-02-19);国家自然科学基金(No.U23A6001-01)。

摘　　要：叶片作为植物的光合器官,其衰老进程对于产量形成有重要影响,但关于叶片衰老与叶际微生物之间的关系研究较少。为探讨玉米(Zeamays)叶片衰老过程对叶际细菌群落的影响,以东北春玉米区3个不同熟期玉米品种(早熟品种黑科玉17(H17)、中熟品种中单111(Z111)和晚熟品种沈玉21(S21))为试验材料,从早熟品种开花期开始对3个玉米品种穗位叶进行5次取样,测定衰老生理指标,同时基于高通量测序技术测定叶际内源和外源细菌的群落组成。结果表明,在生育后期,中熟和晚熟品种的叶片含水量及过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于早熟品种。在门水平,蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)是中熟和晚熟的特有菌门;在属水平,玉米叶片内外源共有细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)和异常球菌属(Deinococcus)相对丰度在Ⅳ和Ⅴ时期显著降低,而内源细菌链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和外源细菌P3OB-42属则在衰老后期显著富集,且3个品种变化趋势相似,相对丰度差异显著。内外源细菌相对丰度存在显著差异,前5位的外源细菌占60%以上,而对内源细菌而言,前5位仅占30%以上。叶片可溶性糖含量、光合色素含量和SOD活性与叶际细菌群落结构和丰富度显著相关。综上,中熟和晚熟品种能有效延长叶片持绿期,维持生育后期叶片生理活性,延缓衰老。衰老对内源细菌群落组成和多样性的影响显著大于外源细菌,不同熟期品种间存在显著分异的菌属,且叶片可溶性糖含量、光合色素含量和SOD活性是影响叶际细菌群落以及优势物种的关键因子。Leaf,as a photosynthetic organ of crops,its senescence process has an important impact on yield formation,but the relationship between leaf senescence and phyllosphere microorganisms has been less studied.In order to explore the impact of the senescence process of maize leaves on the phyllosphere bacterial community,this study used three maize varieties of different maturity time early-maturation variety Heike Yu 17(H17),mid-maturation variety Zhongdan 111(Z111),and late-maturation variety Shen Yu 21(S21)in Northeast China as the experimental materials,and the leaves of the ear position of the three maize varieties were sampled five times starting from the blooming stage of earlymaturation varieties,and the physiological indexes of senescence were determined.And at the same time,the community composition of endogenous and exogenous bacteria in/on the leaves was determined based on high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that at the late reproductive stage,leaf water content,POD and SOD activities were significantly higher in the mid-and late-maturation varieties than in the early-maturation varieties.At the phylum level,Cyanobacteria were endemic to mid-and late-maturation cultivars;at the genus level,the relative abundance of the endogenous shared bacteria Sphingomonas,Methylobacterium,and Deinococcus in maize leaves decreased significantly at later stages of maturation(Ⅳ and Ⅴ).The relative abundance of endogenous bacteria Streptomyces and exogenous bacteria P3OB-42 were significantly enriched in the late senescence period,with similar trends and significant differences in relative abundance among the three species.The relative abundance of endogenous and exogenous bacteria differed significantly,with the top 5 exogenous bacteria accounting for more than 60%,while for endogenous bacteria,the top 5 accounted for only more than 30%.Soluble sugar content,photosynthetic pigment content and SOD activity were significantly correlated with bacterial community structure and abundance.In conclusion,

关 键 词：玉米 熟期 叶片衰老 叶际细菌 群落组成 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]