重庆口岸船员机舱内噪声暴露与职业性听力损失关系调查  

Investigation on the relationship between noise exposure and occupational hearing loss in engine room of seafarers at Chongqing port

作　　者：周华明 蒋颖 倪丹妮 周冠邑 钟进 胡晓 蒋福蓉 郝玉通 ZHOU Huaming;JIANG Ying;NI Danni;ZHOU Guanyi;ZHONG Jin;HU Xiao;JIANG Furong;HAO Yutong(Chongqing International Travel Healthcare Center(Chongqing Customs Port Outpatient Department),Chongain.g 401147 Chin.a)

机构地区：[1]重庆国际旅行卫生保健中心(重庆海关口岸门诊部),重庆401147

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2024年第6期567-569,共3页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：重庆海关科研项目(2022CQKY02)。

摘　　要：目的分析在重庆口岸行船员健康体检的机舱组船员的纯音听力测试结果,为制订船舶噪声防护措施提供基础的参考。方法选取2022年5月1日—2023年4月30日在重庆国际旅行卫生保健中心接受健康体检的机舱组噪声暴露人员为研究对象,检测纯音听力,分析噪声性听力损失的危险因素。结果346名机舱组船员中,221人纯音听阈异常,占63.87%;双耳高频听力损失者34人,占9.83%。机舱内噪声环境下,左耳听力在3000 Hz频率处比右耳更容易受到损害;高频听力损失检出率随年龄增长而增加,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.422,P<0.05);高频听力损失检出率随接噪工龄增长而增加,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.735,P<0.05);高频听力损失检出率与机舱内的岗位无关(χ^(2)=5.825,P=0.321)。结论机舱内船员的听力损伤主要和年龄及接触噪声时间有关,建议加强对船员的健康监护和管理,采取积极有效的个人防护措施,应对机舱内噪声暴露问题。Objective To analyze the pure tone hearing test results of the engine room crew during the health examination of seafarers at Chongqing port,so as to provide basic reference for the development of ship noise protection measures.Methods The noise exposed personnel in the cabin who took physical examination at Chongqing Interna-tional Travel Healthccare Center from May 1,2022 to April 30,2023 were selected as the research subjects to be detected pure tone hearing,and analyze the risk factors of noise induced hearing loss.Results Among 346 crew members,there were 221(63.87%)with abnormal pure tone hearing threshold.There were 34 crews of binaural high frequency hearing loss,accounted for 9.83%.The left ear hearing was more susceptible to be damaged at 3000 Hz than the right ear in the noise environment in the cabin.The abnormal rate of high frequency hearing loss increased with age,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=23.422,P<0.05).The abnormal rate of high frequency hearing loss increased with the increase of noise exposure years,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.735,P<0.05).The abnormal rate of high frequency hearing loss was independent of the position in the cabin(χ^(2)=5.825,P=0.321).Conclusion The hearing impairment of cabin crew was mainly related to age and exposure time to noise.It is sug-gested to strengthen the health monitoring and management of seafarers and take active and effective personal pro-tection measures to deal with the noise exposure in cabin.

关 键 词：噪声暴露 机舱 船员 纯音听力测试 听力损失 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]