手术室医护人员HIV职业暴露情况及影响因素  

HIV occupational exposure of medical staff in operating room and its influencing factors

作　　者：孙小燕[1] 刘咸英 余满荣[1] 张明会[1] SUN Xiaoyan;LIU Xianying;YU Manrong;ZHANG Minghui(Central Operating Room,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei,Anhui 230601,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学第二附属医院中心手术室,安徽合肥230601 [2]安徽医科大学第一附属医院

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2024年第6期642-644,共3页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(J2020Y07)。

摘　　要：目的分析手术室医护人员人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)职业暴露情况及影响因素,为提高手术室医护人员的防范意识和完善职业防护措施提供理论依据。方法选取2021年1月—2023年9月在安徽医科大学第二和第一附属医院手术室工作的60名医护人员进行HIV职业暴露调查,分析HIV职业暴露环节及暴露后处理方式。根据是否发生HIV职业暴露分为未发生组、发生组,分析影响医护人员发生HIV职业暴露的因素。结果60名医护人员中有8名发生HIV职业暴露,占13.33%,其中2人为刺伤,3人为锐器割伤,3人为皮肤、黏膜暴露。发生HIV职业暴露后均在5~30 min内进行了局部处理;暴露后有4人采取紧急处置,2人对暴露源采取血液检测,各有1人采取暴露后预防用药、上报感染中心。经二元Logistic回归分析,工作年限短、人员类型为护士是手术室医护人员发生HIV职业暴露的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论护士、工作年限短是医护人员发生HIV职业暴露的影响因素。加强管理和培训对降低医护人员发生HIV职业暴露有积极影响。Objective To analyze the occupational exposure of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)among medical staff in operating room and its influencing factors,to provide theoretical basis for improving their awareness of prevention and occupational protection measures.Methods A total of 60 medical staff working in the operating room of the Second and First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2021 to September 2023were selected to conduct an HIV occupational exposure survey,the distribution of HIV occupational exposure and post-exposure disposal were analyzed.According to whether occupational exposure to HIV occurred,they were divided into non-occurrence group and occurrence group,the factors affecting occupational exposure to HIV were analyzed.Results Among 60 medical staff,8 had occupational exposure to HIV,accounted for 13.33%.Of these 2were stab wounds,3 were cut by sharp instruments and 3 were skin and mucous membranes exposure.All of them performed wounds treatment within 5-30 min after occupational exposure to HIV.After exposure,4 people took emergency treatment,2 people took blood tests for the exposure source,and 1 person took post-exposure prophylaxis and reported to the infection center.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that shorter working years and nurses were the risk factors for occupational exposure to HIV(P<0.05).Conclusion Nurses and shorter working years were the factors influencing the occupational exposure of health care workers to HIV.Therefore,strengthening the management and training of HIV had a positive impact on reducing the occupational exposure of health care workers.

关 键 词：手术室 医护人员 艾滋病病毒 职业暴露 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.91[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]