钙和ARC菌剂对土壤养分和酶活性及花生产量的影响  

Effects of Calcium and ARC Microbial Agent on Soil Nutrient,Soil Enzyme Activity and Peanut Yield

作　　者：吴共鸣 刘光华 周国强 刘国平 刘武 徐国凤 曾宁波[1] 李林[1] 刘登望[1] WU Gongming;LIU Guanghua;ZHOU Guoqiang;LIU Guoping;LIU Wu;XU Guofeng;ZENG Ningbo;LI Lin;LIU Dengwang(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Shaoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shaoyang 422000,China;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center in Lean Town,Anhua County,Anhua 413500,China;Anhua County Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Field,Anhua 413500,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]邵阳市农业科学院,湖南邵阳422000 [3]安化县乐安镇农业综合服务中心,湖南安化413500 [4]安化县现代农业科技示范场,湖南安化413500

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第6期125-134,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(ZFJH202310-2);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2021NK2005);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);湖南省现代农业产业技术体系。

摘　　要：为探讨钙肥和ARC生物菌剂对低钙红壤旱地的改良效应,以花生品种湘花522为试材,设置2个氢氧化钙水平(0,750 kg/hm^(2),代号Ca_(0)、Ca_(50))、3个ARC菌剂水平(0,30,60 kg/hm^(2),代号A_(0)、A_(2)、A_(4)),共6个处理开展盆栽试验,在花生苗期、花针期、结荚期、饱果成熟期测定0~20 cm耕作层土壤养分、土壤酶活性,收获时测定荚果经济性状及产量。结果表明,单施钙肥及钙与ARC菌剂配施能显著提高各生育时期土壤pH值,而ARC菌剂对其影响小。与CK(Ca_(0)A_(0))相比,Ca_(50)A_(2)和Ca_(50)A_(4)显著提高全生育期土壤水解性氮含量和前3个时期土壤有效磷含量;Ca_(50)A_(4)土壤速效钾含量总体高于CK,且在苗期和结荚期差异达显著水平;Ca_(50)A_(0)较CK显著提高4个时期土壤交换性钙含量,增幅23.78%~56.21%;施钙处理下土壤钙离子含量显著高于未施钙处理(花针期不显著),且受ARC菌剂影响小;全生育期土壤有机质含量总体稳定,但Ca_(50)A_(4)、Ca_(50)A_(2)在各生育时期显著高于CK。土壤蔗糖酶活性各处理在4个时期较CK均有显著提高,且以Ca_(50)A_(4)增幅最大,为50.79%~162.56%;土壤蛋白酶活性以Ca_(50)A_(2)在4个时期显著提高,增幅26.58%~244.63%;土壤酸性磷酸酶活性以Ca_(50)A_(4)、Ca_(0)A_(2)在全生育期均有显著提升;各处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性整体呈降低趋势。各处理能不同程度增加花生荚果产量,施钙的增产效应大于ARC菌剂,其中Ca_(50)A_(4)增产效果最好,单株果质量增幅达12.29%,主要是提高了单株总果数和饱果数。综上,钙肥和ARC生物菌剂配施对提升土壤有效养分含量、激发土壤酶活性、增加花生产量有良好互作效应,且以750 kg/hm^(2)钙肥+60 kg/hm^(2)ARC菌剂(Ca_(50)A_(4))效果最好,可为花生绿色高产栽培提供理论依据。In order to explore the improvement effect of calcium fertilizer and ARC microbial agent on red earth dry land with low-calcium,the peanut variety Xianghua 522 was used as the experimental material,and two levels of calcium hydroxide fertilizer(0,750 kg/ha,code Ca 0 and Ca_(50))and three levels of ARC microbial agent(0,30,60 kg/ha,code A_(0),A_(2)and A_(4))were set to form six treatments to carry out pot experiment.It measured soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity in 0-20 cm arable layer soil at peanut seedling stage,flowering stage,pod setting stage and pod filling stage,and pod economic characters and yield were measured at harvest.The results showed that:single application of calcium fertilizer and the combined application of calcium fertilizer and ARC microbial agent could significantly improve the pH of soil at all growth stages,but ARC microbial agent had little effect on it.Compared with CK(Ca_(0) A_(0)),Ca_(50)A_(2)and Ca_(50)A_(4)significantly increased the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil in the whole stage and the content of available phosphorus in soil in the first three growth stages;the content of available potassium in soil of Ca_(50)A_(4)was higher than CK in general,and it was significant at seedling stage and pod setting stage;compared with CK,Ca_(50)A_(0)significantly increased the content of exchangeable calcium in soil in four stages,with an increase of 23.78%-56.21%;the content of calcium ion in soil with calcium fertilizer application was significantly higher than that without calcium fertilizer application(the flowering stage was not significant),and it was little affected by ARC microbial agent;the content of organic matter in soil remained stable in the whole growth stage,but Ca_(50)A_(4)and Ca_(50)A_(2)were significantly higher than CK in each growth stage.Compared with CK,the soil sucrase activity of soil each treatment was significantly increased in four stages,and the increase was the largest in Ca_(50)A_(4),ranging from 50.79%to 162.56%;the protease activity of soil was sig

关 键 词：花生 钙 ARC菌剂 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]